2oug

Structural highlights

Function

RFAH_ECOLI Enhances distal genes transcription elongation in a specialized subset of operons that encode extracytoplasmic components. RfaH is recruited into a multi-component RNA polymerase complex by the ops element, which is a short conserved DNA sequence located downstream of the main promoter of these operons. Once bound, RfaH suppresses pausing and inhibits Rho-dependent and intrinsic termination at a subset of sites. Termination signals are bypassed, which allows complete synthesis of long RNA chains. Enhances expression of several operons involved in synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides, hemolysin, and sex factor. Also negatively controls expression and surface presentation of AG43 and possibly another AG43-independent factor that mediates cell-cell interactions and biofilm formation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

• Transcriptional activator 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Bailey MJ, Koronakis V, Schmoll T, Hughes C. Escherichia coli HlyT protein, a transcriptional activator of haemolysin synthesis and secretion, is encoded by the rfaH (sfrB) locus required for expression of sex factor and lipopolysaccharide genes. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Apr;6(8):1003-12. PMID:1584020
2. ↑ Leeds JA, Welch RA. RfaH enhances elongation of Escherichia coli hlyCABD mRNA. J Bacteriol. 1996 Apr;178(7):1850-7. PMID:8606157
3. ↑ Bailey MJ, Hughes C, Koronakis V. Increased distal gene transcription by the elongation factor RfaH, a specialized homologue of NusG. Mol Microbiol. 1996 Nov;22(4):729-37. PMID:8951819
4. ↑ Leeds JA, Welch RA. Enhancing transcription through the Escherichia coli hemolysin operon, hlyCABD: RfaH and upstream JUMPStart DNA sequences function together via a postinitiation mechanism. J Bacteriol. 1997 Jun;179(11):3519-27. PMID:9171395
5. ↑ Bailey MJ, Hughes C, Koronakis V. RfaH and the ops element, components of a novel system controlling bacterial transcription elongation. Mol Microbiol. 1997 Dec;26(5):845-51. PMID:9426123
6. ↑ Bailey MJ, Hughes C, Koronakis V. In vitro recruitment of the RfaH regulatory protein into a specialised transcription complex, directed by the nucleic acid ops element. Mol Gen Genet. 2000 Jan;262(6):1052-9. PMID:10660066
7. ↑ Artsimovitch I, Landick R. The transcriptional regulator RfaH stimulates RNA chain synthesis after recruitment to elongation complexes by the exposed nontemplate DNA strand. Cell. 2002 Apr 19;109(2):193-203. PMID:12007406
8. ↑ Santangelo TJ, Roberts JW. RfaH, a bacterial transcription antiterminator. Mol Cell. 2002 Apr;9(4):698-700. PMID:11983161
9. ↑ Beloin C, Michaelis K, Lindner K, Landini P, Hacker J, Ghigo JM, Dobrindt U. The transcriptional antiterminator RfaH represses biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 2006 Feb;188(4):1316-31. PMID:16452414 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.188.4.1316-1331.2006