User:Lily Lindemann/Sandbox1
From Proteopedia
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor (GLP1-R)
Introduction and Function to signal the body to secrete insulin and inhibit glucagon secretion. When glucose levels in the blood rise (usually after consuming food), GLP-1R activates, creating a signaling cascade to signal cAMP. After the signaling cascade, the final result is the secretion of insulin to the rest of the body. Discovered in 1990s while trying to understand the mechanism of GLP-1 action. [1] The structure was determined using cryogenic electron microscopy.
DiseaseDiabetes and Obesity Type II Diabetes is a chronic medical condition in which the pancreas does not properly produce insulin for the body.[2] Due to the lack of insulin in the body, a persons blood glucose levels can be dangerously low. The lack of insulin and low glucose level can be related to the decrease in levels of GLP-1 within the body. When GLP-1 is not bonding properly to its receptor, the insulin regulation in the body is disrupted. When a persons blood sugar levels are too low they can cause a person to become dizzy and tired. There is also the possibility where GLP-1 is not broken down at the proper time which can cause a persons blood sugar to become to high which can lead to a person feeling feverish and sick.
Ligand and Receptor Interactions Hormone InteractionsThe start with the hormone docking in the N-terminus before moving the rest of the hormone into place. The ligand uses between two tryptophan residues at the N-terminus to initially dock into the receptor. Drug InteractionsThe drug antagonist is shown in a mint color while the receptor is shown in pink. The interaction between Tirzepetide and the receptor are using of the tryptophan residues. Which is a similar interaction as between the natural hormone and the receptor. The drug antagonist also uses in the N terminus between a tyrosine and glutamate and also tyrosine and glutamine. RelevanceTirzepatide and other GLP-1R related antagonist drugs help to regulate blood glucose levels.[3] The GLP-1R antagonists are able to aid the body in proper secretion of insulin because the antagonists are harder for the body to break down. Although these drugs can make remarkable changes, the long term effects of GLP-1R related drugs are unknown. There have been some hints toward thyroid cancers but this was only shown in mice during trial periods.
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