Polycomb proteins

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spinqualitylabelsall models Human polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (olive and dark red) complex with histones (grey, green, yellow, pink, magenta, cyan, gold, red), RING1B/Ubch5C (aqua and orchid)and DNA (blue and gold) PDB code 4r8p Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image Function Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are determinants of gene silencing and epigenetic memory in higher eukaryotes. The PcG system consists of multimeric repressive protein complexes containing chromatin modifying activities which regulate transcription by modulating chromatin structures. The PcG proteins regulate pathways in cell differentiation, tissue regeneration and cancer cell growth[1]. For the B-cell-specific Molony leukemia virus Insertion site 1 (BMI1) see BMI1. Pcgf5 and Polycomb SUZ12 are required in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward neural cells[2], [3]. Pcgf6 has a critical role in safeguarding lineage decisions and in preventing aberrant expression of germ cell-related genes[4]. Polycomb EED is a component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is an epigenetic exchange factor coordinating the activities of PRC1 and PRC2[5]. See also: Polycomb complex protein. Disease Misregulation of PcG protein levels often lead to either a block or unscheduled activation of developmental pathways. the consequences of this misregulation have been linked to the establishment of cancer stem cells which can produce tumors. Cancer stem cells are believed to persist within tumors and to elicit relapse and metastasis[6] Structural highlights

3D structures of polycomb proteins

Polycomb complex proteins 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Hauri S, Comoglio F, Seimiya M, Gerstung M, Glatter T, Hansen K, Aebersold R, Paro R, Gstaiger M, Beisel C. A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome. Cell Rep. 2016 Oct 4;17(2):583-595. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096. PMID:27705803 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096
2. ↑ Yao M, Zhou X, Zhou J, Gong S, Hu G, Li J, Huang K, Lai P, Shi G, Hutchins AP, Sun H, Wang H, Yao H. PCGF5 is required for neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun. 2018 May 15;9(1):1463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03781-0. PMID:29765032 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03781-0
3. ↑ Pasini D, Bracken AP, Hansen JB, Capillo M, Helin K. The polycomb group protein Suz12 is required for embryonic stem cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 May;27(10):3769-79. PMID:17339329 doi:10.1128/MCB.01432-06
4. ↑ Liu M, Zhu Y, Xing F, Liu S, Xia Y, Jiang Q, Qin J. The polycomb group protein PCGF6 mediates germline gene silencing by recruiting histone-modifying proteins to target gene promoters. J Biol Chem. 2020 Jul 10;295(28):9712-9724. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.012121. Epub , 2020 Jun 1. PMID:32482889 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.012121
5. ↑ Cao Q, Wang X, Zhao M, Yang R, Malik R, Qiao Y, Poliakov A, Yocum AK, Li Y, Chen W, Cao X, Jiang X, Dahiya A, Harris C, Feng FY, Kalantry S, Qin ZS, Dhanasekaran SM, Chinnaiyan AM. The central role of EED in the orchestration of polycomb group complexes. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3127. PMID:24457600 doi:10.1038/ncomms4127
6. ↑ Poynter ST, Kadoch C. Polycomb and trithorax opposition in development and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2016 Nov;5(6):659-688. doi: 10.1002/wdev.244., Epub 2016 Sep 1. PMID:27581385 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wdev.244