9cbz
From Proteopedia
Cryo-EM structure of mouse TRPML1 channel Y404W at 2.86 Angstrom resolution
Structural highlights
FunctionMCLN1_MOUSE Nonselective cation channel probably playing a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events and of metal homeostasis. Proposed to play a major role in Ca(2+) release from late endosome and lysosome vesicles to the cytoplasm, which is important for many lysosome-dependent cellular events, including the fusion and trafficking of these organelles, exocytosis and autophagy. Required for efficient uptake of large particles in macrophages in which Ca(2+) release from the lysosomes triggers lysosomal exocytosis. May also play a role in phagosome-lysosome fusion (PubMed:23993788). Involved in lactosylceramide trafficking indicative for a role in the regulation of late endocytic membrane fusion/fission events. By mediating lysosomal Ca(2+) release is involved in regulation of mTORC1 signaling and in mTOR/TFEB-dependent lysosomal adaptation to environmental cues such as nutrient levels (PubMed:25733853). Seems to act as lysosomal active oxygen species (ROS) sensor involved in ROS-induced TFEB activation and autophagy (By similarity). Functions as a Fe(2+) permeable channel in late endosomes and lysosomes. Proposed to play a role in zinc homeostasis probably implicating its association with TMEM163 (By similarity). In adaptive immunity, TRPML2 and TRPML1 may play redundant roles in the function of the specialized lysosomes of B cells (PubMed:17050035).[UniProtKB:Q9GZU1][1] [2] [3] May contribute to cellular lipase activity within the late endosomal pathway or at the cell surface which may be involved in processes of membrane reshaping and vesiculation, especially the growth of tubular structures. However, it is not known, whether it conveys the enzymatic activity directly, or merely facilitates the activity of an associated phospholipase.[UniProtKB:Q9GZU1] Publication Abstract from PubMedTransient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) is a lysosomal cation channel whose loss-of-function mutations directly cause the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). TRPML1 can be allosterically regulated by various ligands including natural lipids and small synthetic molecules and the channel undergoes a global movement propagated from ligand-induced local conformational changes upon activation. In this study, we identified a functionally critical residue, Tyr404, at the C-terminus of the S4 helix, whose mutations to tryptophan and alanine yield gain- and loss-of-function channels, respectively. These allosteric mutations mimic the ligand activation or inhibition of the TRPML1 channel without interfering with ligand binding and both mutant channels are susceptible to agonist or antagonist modulation, making them better targets for screening potent TRPML1 activators and inhibitors. We also determined the high-resolution structure of TRPML1 in complex with the PI(4,5)P(2) inhibitor, revealing the structural basis underlying this lipid inhibition. In addition, an endogenous phospholipid likely from sphingomyelin is identified in the PI(4,5)P(2)-bound TRPML1 structure at the same hotspot for agonists and antagonists, providing a plausible structural explanation for the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin on agonist activation. TRPML1 gating modulation by allosteric mutations and lipids.,Gan N, Han Y, Zeng W, Jiang Y bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Sep 14:2024.07.04.602033. doi: , 10.1101/2024.07.04.602033. PMID:39005349[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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