3epc is a 5 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens and Human poliovirus 1 Mahoney. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
POLG_POL1M Capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4 form a closed capsid enclosing the viral positive strand RNA genome. VP4 lies on the inner surface of the protein shell formed by VP1, VP2 and VP3. All the three latter proteins contain a beta-sheet structure called beta-barrel jelly roll. Together they form an icosahedral capsid (T=3) composed of 60 copies of each VP1, VP2, and VP3, with a diameter of approximately 300 Angstroms. VP1 is situated at the 12 fivefold axes, whereas VP2 and VP3 are located at the quasi-sixfold axes. The interaction of five VP1 proteins in the fivefold axes results in a prominent protusion extending to about 25 Angstroms from the capsid shell. The resulting structure appears as a steep plateau encircled by a valley or cleft. This depression also termed canyon is the receptor binding site. The capsid interacts with human PVR at this site to provide virion attachment to target cell. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis in Hela cells and through caveolin-mediated endocytosis in brain microvascular endothelial cells. VP4 and VP1 subsequently undergo conformational changes leading to the formation of a pore in the endosomal membrane, thereby delivering the viral genome into the cytoplasm.[1][2][3] VP0 precursor is a component of immature procapsids (By similarity).[4][5][6] Protein 2A is a cysteine protease that is responsible for the cleavage between the P1 and P2 regions. It cleaves the host translation initiation factor EIF4G1, in order to shut down the capped cellular mRNA transcription.[7][8][9] Protein 2B affects membrane integrity and cause an increase in membrane permeability (By similarity).[10][11][12] Protein 2C associates with and induces structural rearrangements of intracellular membranes. It displays RNA-binding, nucleotide binding and NTPase activities.[13][14][15] Protein 3A, via its hydrophobic domain, serves as membrane anchor. It also inhibits endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport (By similarity).[16][17][18] Protein 3C is a cysteine protease that generates mature viral proteins from the precursor polyprotein. In addition to its proteolytic activity, it binds to viral RNA, and thus influences viral genome replication. RNA and substrate bind co-operatively to the protease (By similarity).[19][20][21] RNA-directed RNA polymerase 3D-POL replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals (By similarity).[22][23][24]
Evolutionary Conservation
Checkto colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
When poliovirus (PV) recognizes its receptor, CD155, the virus changes from a 160S to a 135S particle before releasing its genome into the cytoplasm. CD155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 Ig-like extracellular domains, D1-D3, where D1 is recognized by the virus. The crystal structure of D1D2 has been determined to 3.5-A resolution and fitted into approximately 8.5-A resolution cryoelectron microscopy reconstructions of the virus-receptor complexes for the 3 PV serotypes. These structures show that, compared with human rhinoviruses, the virus-receptor interactions for PVs have a greater dependence on hydrophobic interactions, as might be required for a virus that can inhabit environments of different pH. The pocket factor was shown to remain in the virus during the first recognition stage. The present structures, when combined with earlier mutational investigations, show that in the subsequent entry stage the receptor moves further into the canyon when at a physiological temperature, thereby expelling the pocket factor and separating the viral subunits to form 135S particles. These results provide a detailed analysis of how a nonenveloped virus can enter its host cell.
Crystal structure of CD155 and electron microscopic studies of its complexes with polioviruses.,Zhang P, Mueller S, Morais MC, Bator CM, Bowman VD, Hafenstein S, Wimmer E, Rossmann MG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 25;105(47):18284-9. Epub 2008 Nov 14. PMID:19011098[25]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Ventoso I, MacMillan SE, Hershey JW, Carrasco L. Poliovirus 2A proteinase cleaves directly the eIF-4G subunit of eIF-4F complex. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):79-83. PMID:9755863
↑ Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM. The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7745-55. PMID:15919927 doi:79/12/7745
↑ Bergelson JM. New (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 , Jan 10. PMID:18191571 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.004
↑ Zhang P, Mueller S, Morais MC, Bator CM, Bowman VD, Hafenstein S, Wimmer E, Rossmann MG. Crystal structure of CD155 and electron microscopic studies of its complexes with polioviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 25;105(47):18284-9. Epub 2008 Nov 14. PMID:19011098
