| Structural highlights
Function
EPFL4_ARATH Acts primarily as positive regulator of inflorescence growth. Endodermal expression is sufficient for proper inflorescence architecture (PubMed:22474391). Redundantly involved with EPFL6 in procambial development regulation. Controls stomatal patterning. Mediates stomatal development inhibition. TMM (AC Q9SSD1) functions to dampen or block CLL2 signaling. Acts as a growth-regulatory ligand for ERECTA family receptors.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Stomata are microscopic openings that allow for the exchange of gases between plants and the environment. In Arabidopsis, stomatal patterning is specified by the ERECTA family (ERf) receptor kinases (RKs), the receptor-like protein (RLP) TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), and EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) peptides. Here we show that TMM and ER or ER-LIKE1 (ERL1) form constitutive complexes, which recognize EPF1 and EPF2, but the single ERfs do not. TMM interaction with ERL1 creates a binding pocket for recognition of EPF1 and EPF2, indicating that the constitutive TMM-ERf complexes function as the receptors of EPF1 and EPF2. EPFL9 competes with EPF1 and EPF2 for binding to the ERf-TMM complex. EPFL4 and EPFL6, however, are recognized by the single ERfs without the requirement of TMM. In contrast to EPF1,2, the interaction of EPFL4,6 with an ERf is greatly reduced in the presence of TMM. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TMM dictates the specificity of ERfs for the perception of different EPFs, thus functioning as a specificity switch for the regulation of the activities of ERfs.
A receptor-like protein acts as a specificity switch for the regulation of stomatal development.,Lin G, Zhang L, Han Z, Yang X, Liu W, Li E, Chang J, Qi Y, Shpak ED, Chai J Genes Dev. 2017 May 1;31(9):927-938. doi: 10.1101/gad.297580.117. Epub 2017 May, 23. PMID:28536146[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Hara K, Yokoo T, Kajita R, Onishi T, Yahata S, Peterson KM, Torii KU, Kakimoto T. Epidermal cell density is autoregulated via a secretory peptide, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 2009 Jun;50(6):1019-31. PMID:19435754 doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp068
- ↑ Abrash EB, Davies KA, Bergmann DC. Generation of signaling specificity in Arabidopsis by spatially restricted buffering of ligand-receptor interactions. Plant Cell. 2011 Aug;23(8):2864-79. PMID:21862708 doi:10.1105/tpc.111.086637
- ↑ Uchida N, Lee JS, Horst RJ, Lai HH, Kajita R, Kakimoto T, Tasaka M, Torii KU. Regulation of inflorescence architecture by intertissue layer ligand-receptor communication between endodermis and phloem. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 17;109(16):6337-42. PMID:22474391 doi:10.1073/pnas.1117537109
- ↑ Uchida N, Tasaka M. Regulation of plant vascular stem cells by endodermis-derived EPFL-family peptide hormones and phloem-expressed ERECTA-family receptor kinases. J Exp Bot. 2013 Dec;64(17):5335-43. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert196. Epub 2013 Jul 23. PMID:23881395 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert196
- ↑ Lin G, Zhang L, Han Z, Yang X, Liu W, Li E, Chang J, Qi Y, Shpak ED, Chai J. A receptor-like protein acts as a specificity switch for the regulation of stomatal development. Genes Dev. 2017 May 1;31(9):927-938. doi: 10.1101/gad.297580.117. Epub 2017 May, 23. PMID:28536146 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.297580.117
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