Structural highlights
Function
GRIA1_RAT Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of excitatory transmission in the brain and enable the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning(1). A diverse array of AMPAR signalling complexes are established by receptor auxiliary subunits, which associate with the AMPAR in various combinations to modulate trafficking, gating and synaptic strength(2). However, their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of the heteromeric GluA1-GluA2 receptor assembled with both TARP-gamma8 and CNIH2, the predominant AMPAR complex in the forebrain, in both resting and active states. Two TARP-gamma8 and two CNIH2 subunits insert at distinct sites beneath the ligand-binding domains of the receptor, with site-specific lipids shaping each interaction and affecting the gating regulation of the AMPARs. Activation of the receptor leads to asymmetry between GluA1 and GluA2 along the ion conduction path and an outward expansion of the channel triggers counter-rotations of both auxiliary subunit pairs, promoting the active-state conformation. In addition, both TARP-gamma8 and CNIH2 pivot towards the pore exit upon activation, extending their reach for cytoplasmic receptor elements. CNIH2 achieves this through its uniquely extended M2 helix, which has transformed this endoplasmic reticulum-export factor into a powerful AMPAR modulator that is capable of providing hippocampal pyramidal neurons with their integrative synaptic properties.
Gating and modulation of a hetero-octameric AMPA glutamate receptor.,Zhang D, Watson JF, Matthews PM, Cais O, Greger IH Nature. 2021 Jun;594(7863):454-458. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03613-0. Epub 2021 , Jun 2. PMID:34079129[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Bedoukian MA, Weeks AM, Partin KM. Different domains of the AMPA receptor direct stargazin-mediated trafficking and stargazin-mediated modulation of kinetics. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 18;281(33):23908-21. Epub 2006 Jun 22. PMID:16793768 doi:http://dx.doi.org/M600679200
- ↑ Schwenk J, Harmel N, Zolles G, Bildl W, Kulik A, Heimrich B, Chisaka O, Jonas P, Schulte U, Fakler B, Klocker N. Functional proteomics identify cornichon proteins as auxiliary subunits of AMPA receptors. Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1313-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1167852. PMID:19265014 doi:10.1126/science.1167852
- ↑ Zhang D, Watson JF, Matthews PM, Cais O, Greger IH. Gating and modulation of a hetero-octameric AMPA glutamate receptor. Nature. 2021 Jun;594(7863):454-458. PMID:34079129 doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03613-0
