| Structural highlights
8dn5 is a 5 chain structure with sequence from Aequorea victoria and Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | Electron Microscopy, Resolution 3.63Å |
| Ligands: | , , , , , , , , |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
GLRA1_HUMAN Defects in GLRA1 are the cause of hyperekplexia, hereditary, type 1 (HKPX1) [MIM:149400. A neurologic disorder characterized by muscular rigidity of central nervous system origin, particularly in the neonatal period, and by an exaggerated startle response to unexpected acoustic or tactile stimuli.[1] [:][2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Function
GLRA1_HUMAN The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Hetero-pentameric Cys-loop receptors constitute a major type of neurotransmitter receptors that enable signal transmission and processing in the nervous system. Despite intense investigations into their working mechanism and pharmaceutical potentials, how neurotransmitters activate these receptors remains unclear due to the lack of high-resolution structural information in the activated open state. Here we report near-atomic resolution structures resolved in digitonin consistent with all principle functional states of the human alpha1beta GlyR, which is a major Cys-loop receptor that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system of adults. Glycine binding induces cooperative and symmetric structural rearrangements in the neurotransmitter-binding extracellular domain but asymmetrical pore dilation in the transmembrane domain. Symmetric response in the extracellular domain is consistent with electrophysiological data showing cooperative glycine activation and contribution from both alpha1 and beta subunits. A set of functionally essential but differentially charged amino acid residues in the transmembrane domain of the alpha1 and beta subunits explains asymmetric activation. These findings provide a foundation for understanding how the gating of the Cys-loop receptor family members diverges to accommodate specific physiological environments.
Asymmetric gating of a human hetero-pentameric glycine receptor.,Liu X, Wang W Nat Commun. 2023 Oct 11;14(1):6377. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42051-6. PMID:37821459[11]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Shiang R, Ryan SG, Zhu YZ, Hahn AF, O'Connell P, Wasmuth JJ. Mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor cause the dominant neurologic disorder, hyperekplexia. Nat Genet. 1993 Dec;5(4):351-8. PMID:8298642 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1293-351
- ↑ Langosch D, Laube B, Rundstrom N, Schmieden V, Bormann J, Betz H. Decreased agonist affinity and chloride conductance of mutant glycine receptors associated with human hereditary hyperekplexia. EMBO J. 1994 Sep 15;13(18):4223-8. PMID:7925268
- ↑ Schorderet DF, Pescia G, Bernasconi A, Regli F. An additional family with Startle disease and a G1192A mutation at the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jul;3(7):1201. PMID:7981700
- ↑ Rees MI, Andrew M, Jawad S, Owen MJ. Evidence for recessive as well as dominant forms of startle disease (hyperekplexia) caused by mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Dec;3(12):2175-9. PMID:7881416
- ↑ Shiang R, Ryan SG, Zhu YZ, Fielder TJ, Allen RJ, Fryer A, Yamashita S, O'Connell P, Wasmuth JJ. Mutational analysis of familial and sporadic hyperekplexia. Ann Neurol. 1995 Jul;38(1):85-91. PMID:7611730 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410380115
- ↑ Milani N, Dalpra L, del Prete A, Zanini R, Larizza L. A novel mutation (Gln266-->His) in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine-receptor gene (GLRA1) in hereditary hyperekplexia. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Feb;58(2):420-2. PMID:8571969
- ↑ Elmslie FV, Hutchings SM, Spencer V, Curtis A, Covanis T, Gardiner RM, Rees M. Analysis of GLRA1 in hereditary and sporadic hyperekplexia: a novel mutation in a family cosegregating for hyperekplexia and spastic paraparesis. J Med Genet. 1996 May;33(5):435-6. PMID:8733061
- ↑ Seri M, Bolino A, Galietta LJ, Lerone M, Silengo M, Romeo G. Startle disease in an Italian family by mutation (K276E): The alpha-subunit of the inhibiting glycine receptor. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(2):185-7. PMID:9067762 doi:<185::AID-HUMU14>3.0.CO;2-Z 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:2<185::AID-HUMU14>3.0.CO;2-Z
- ↑ Vergouwe MN, Tijssen MA, Peters AC, Wielaard R, Frants RR. Hyperekplexia phenotype due to compound heterozygosity for GLRA1 gene mutations. Ann Neurol. 1999 Oct;46(4):634-8. PMID:10514101
- ↑ Saul B, Kuner T, Sobetzko D, Brune W, Hanefeld F, Meinck HM, Becker CM. Novel GLRA1 missense mutation (P250T) in dominant hyperekplexia defines an intracellular determinant of glycine receptor channel gating. J Neurosci. 1999 Feb 1;19(3):869-77. PMID:9920650
- ↑ Liu X, Wang W. Asymmetric gating of a human hetero-pentameric glycine receptor. Nat Commun. 2023 Oct 11;14(1):6377. PMID:37821459 doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42051-6
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