8g7d

Structural highlights

Function

NLGN1_MOUSE Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and sleep (PubMed:23716671). The protein is involved in nervous system development.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} NLGN2_MOUSE Transmembrane scaffolding protein involved in cell-cell interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Mediates cell-cell interactions both in neurons and in other types of cells, such as Langerhans beta cells. Mediates cell-cell interactions between Langerhans beta cells and modulates insulin secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, especially via gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors). Functions by recruiting and clustering synaptic proteins. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic GABRG2 and GPHN. Modulates signaling by inhibitory synapses, and thereby plays a role in controlling the ratio of signaling by excitatory and inhibitory synapses and information processing. Required for normal signal amplitude from inhibitory synapses, but is not essential for normal signal frequency. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures.^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}

References

1. ↑ Scheiffele P, Fan J, Choih J, Fetter R, Serafini T. Neuroligin expressed in nonneuronal cells triggers presynaptic development in contacting axons. Cell. 2000 Jun 9;101(6):657-69. PMID:10892652
2. ↑ Graf ER, Zhang X, Jin SX, Linhoff MW, Craig AM. Neurexins induce differentiation of GABA and glutamate postsynaptic specializations via neuroligins. Cell. 2004 Dec 29;119(7):1013-26. PMID:15620359 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.035
3. ↑ Varoqueaux F, Aramuni G, Rawson RL, Mohrmann R, Missler M, Gottmann K, Zhang W, Sudhof TC, Brose N. Neuroligins determine synapse maturation and function. Neuron. 2006 Sep 21;51(6):741-54. PMID:16982420 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.003
4. ↑ El Helou J, Bélanger-Nelson E, Freyburger M, Dorsaz S, Curie T, La Spada F, Gaudreault PO, Beaumont É, Pouliot P, Lesage F, Frank MG, Franken P, Mongrain V. Neuroligin-1 links neuronal activity to sleep-wake regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 11;110(24):9974-9. PMID:23716671 doi:10.1073/pnas.1221381110
5. ↑ Nakanishi M, Nomura J, Ji X, Tamada K, Arai T, Takahashi E, Bućan M, Takumi T. Functional significance of rare neuroligin 1 variants found in autism. PLoS Genet. 2017 Aug 25;13(8):e1006940. PMID:28841651 doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006940
6. ↑ Zhang P, Lu H, Peixoto RT, Pines MK, Ge Y, Oku S, Siddiqui TJ, Xie Y, Wu W, Archer-Hartmann S, Yoshida K, Tanaka KF, Aricescu AR, Azadi P, Gordon MD, Sabatini BL, Wong ROL, Craig AM. Heparan Sulfate Organizes Neuronal Synapses through Neurexin Partnerships. Cell. 2018 Sep 6;174(6):1450-1464.e23. PMID:30100184 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.002
7. ↑ Scheiffele P, Fan J, Choih J, Fetter R, Serafini T. Neuroligin expressed in nonneuronal cells triggers presynaptic development in contacting axons. Cell. 2000 Jun 9;101(6):657-69. PMID:10892652
8. ↑ Graf ER, Zhang X, Jin SX, Linhoff MW, Craig AM. Neurexins induce differentiation of GABA and glutamate postsynaptic specializations via neuroligins. Cell. 2004 Dec 29;119(7):1013-26. PMID:15620359 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.035
9. ↑ Varoqueaux F, Aramuni G, Rawson RL, Mohrmann R, Missler M, Gottmann K, Zhang W, Sudhof TC, Brose N. Neuroligins determine synapse maturation and function. Neuron. 2006 Sep 21;51(6):741-54. PMID:16982420 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.003
10. ↑ Hoon M, Bauer G, Fritschy JM, Moser T, Falkenburger BH, Varoqueaux F. Neuroligin 2 controls the maturation of GABAergic synapses and information processing in the retina. J Neurosci. 2009 Jun 24;29(25):8039-50. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0534-09.2009. PMID:19553444 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0534-09.2009
11. ↑ Gibson JR, Huber KM, Sudhof TC. Neuroligin-2 deletion selectively decreases inhibitory synaptic transmission originating from fast-spiking but not from somatostatin-positive interneurons. J Neurosci. 2009 Nov 4;29(44):13883-97. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2457-09.2009. PMID:19889999 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2457-09.2009
12. ↑ Jedlicka P, Hoon M, Papadopoulos T, Vlachos A, Winkels R, Poulopoulos A, Betz H, Deller T, Brose N, Varoqueaux F, Schwarzacher SW. Increased dentate gyrus excitability in neuroligin-2-deficient mice in vivo. Cereb Cortex. 2011 Feb;21(2):357-67. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq100. Epub 2010 Jun 7. PMID:20530218 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhq100