| Structural highlights
Function
ACKR3_HUMAN Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. Also known as interceptor (internalizing receptor) or chemokine-scavenging receptor or chemokine decoy receptor. Acts as a receptor for chemokines CXCL11 and CXCL12/SDF1. Chemokine binding does not activate G-protein-mediated signal transduction but instead induces beta-arrestin recruitment, leading to ligand internalization and activation of MAPK signaling pathway. Required for regulation of CXCR4 protein levels in migrating interneurons, thereby adapting their chemokine responsiveness. In glioma cells, transduces signals via MEK/ERK pathway, mediating resistance to apoptosis. Promotes cell growth and survival. Not involved in cell migration, adhesion or proliferation of normal hematopoietic progenitors but activated by CXCL11 in malignant hemapoietic cells, leading to phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (MAPK3/MAPK1) and enhanced cell adhesion and migration. Plays a regulatory role in CXCR4-mediated activation of cell surface integrins by CXCL12. Required for heart valve development. Acts as coreceptor with CXCR4 for a restricted number of HIV isolates.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Both CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) are activated by the chemokine CXCL12 yet evoke distinct cellular responses. CXCR4 is a canonical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), whereas ACKR3 is intrinsically biased for arrestin. The molecular basis for this difference is not understood. Here, we describe cryo-EM structures of ACKR3 in complex with CXCL12, a more potent CXCL12 variant, and a small-molecule agonist. The bound chemokines adopt an unexpected pose relative to those established for CXCR4 and observed in other receptor-chemokine complexes. Along with functional studies, these structures provide insight into the ligand-binding promiscuity of ACKR3, why it fails to couple to G proteins, and its bias toward beta-arrestin. The results lay the groundwork for understanding the physiological interplay of ACKR3 with other GPCRs.
, PMID:35857509[13]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ Levoye A, Balabanian K, Baleux F, Bachelerie F, Lagane B. CXCR7 heterodimerizes with CXCR4 and regulates CXCL12-mediated G protein signaling. Blood. 2009 Jun 11;113(24):6085-93. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-196618. Epub 2009 , Apr 20. PMID:19380869 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-12-196618
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- ↑ Ray P, Mihalko LA, Coggins NL, Moudgil P, Ehrlich A, Luker KE, Luker GD. Carboxy-terminus of CXCR7 regulates receptor localization and function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012 Apr;44(4):669-78. doi:, 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.01.007. Epub 2012 Jan 25. PMID:22300987 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2012.01.007
- ↑ Yen YC, Schafer CT, Gustavsson M, Eberle SA, Dominik PK, Deneka D, Zhang P, Schall TJ, Kossiakoff AA, Tesmer JJG, Handel TM. Structures of atypical chemokine receptor 3 reveal the basis for its promiscuity and signaling bias. Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 15;8(28):eabn8063. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8063. Epub 2022 Jul, 13. PMID:35857509 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abn8063
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