User:Dong Woo Chin/Sandbox 1

From Proteopedia

GFP-based Zinc Biosensor

spinqualitylabelsall models PDB ID 1kys Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image
1kys, resolution 1.44Å ()
Ligands:
Non-Standard Residues:
Related:	1kyp, 1kyr
Structural annotation: Resources: CATH : 1Kysa00 InterPro : Ipr000786, Ipr011584, Ipr009017 Pfam : PF01353 SCOP : d1kysa_ UniProt : P42212
Evolutionary conservation: Toggle Conservation Colors: Rows = identical sequences: Further Information: Caveats, Explanation, Complete Results at ConSurfDB
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBsum, RCSB
Coordinates:	save as pdb, mmCIF, xml

Background

Heavy metals are often harmful to human health because of their toxicities. The detection techniques of heavy metals in food or water have become an essential tool to prevent food-poisoning in public. Modification of Green Fluorescent Protein is another technique that was recently introduced to detect heavy metals. When a recombinant gene of a GFP-based biosensor is engineered into E. coli with a heavy metal resistant gene, the genetically engineered E. coli fluoresce. This fluorescence is activated even in a very low concentration of a particular heavy metal. Therefore, the development, modification, and application of GFP-based biosensor can improve the public health and protect people from heavy metal related poisonings.

Modifications from GFP

There are (Tyrosine-66-Histidine and Tyrosine-145-Phenylalanine) in the zinc biosensor. However, the brightness of the protein could be enhanced with at F64, F99, H148, M153, and V163 to change them into L64, S99, G148, T153, and A163 (F64L, F99S, H148G, M153T, V163A).

Applications

Application of the biosensor is not limited to the food-poisoning prevention in the public. Biosensor can be used to measure heavy metal contaminations in soils, to trace heavy metals in a biological system, and to detect explosives. The genetic engineering of GFP gene is essential to reveal the full potential of GFP in its applications.

References

• Barondeau D, Kassmann C, Tainer J, Getzoff E. 2002. Structural chemistry of a green fluorescent protein Zn biosensor. J.Am.Chem.Soc. 124: 3522-3524.
• Chapleau R, Blomberg R, Ford P, Sagermann M. 2008. Design of a highly specific and noninvasive biosensor suitable for real-time in vivo imaging of mercury (II) uptake. Protein Sci. 17:614-622.
• Vivian L, Ming-Te C, Yuen-Yi T, Kun-Lin O. 2006. Assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated sediments and soils using green fluorescent protein-based bacterial biosensors. Environmental Pollution. 142:17-23.