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From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of human FSP1
Structural highlights
FunctionFSP1_HUMAN A NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase that acts as a key inhibitor of ferroptosis (PubMed:31634899, PubMed:31634900, PubMed:35922516). At the plasma membrane, catalyzes reduction of coenzyme Q/ubiquinone-10 to ubiquinol-10, a lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidant that prevents lipid oxidative damage and consequently ferroptosis (PubMed:31634899, PubMed:31634900). Acts in parallel to GPX4 to suppress phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis (PubMed:31634899, PubMed:31634900). This anti-ferroptotic function is independent of cellular glutathione levels (PubMed:31634899, PubMed:31634900). Also acts as a potent radical-trapping antioxidant by mediating warfarin-resistant vitamin K reduction in the canonical vitamin K cycle: catalyzes NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of vitamin K (phylloquinone, menaquinone-4 and menadione) to hydroquinone forms (PubMed:35922516). Hydroquinones act as potent radical-trapping antioxidants inhibitor of phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis (PubMed:35922516). May play a role in mitochondrial stress signaling (PubMed:26689472). Upon oxidative stress, associates with the lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) forming a lipid adduct devoid of oxidoreductase activity, which then translocates from mitochondria into the nucleus triggering DNA damage and cell death (PubMed:26689472). Capable of DNA binding in a non-sequence specific way (PubMed:15958387).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Publication Abstract from PubMedFerroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death characterized by its distinct dependence on iron and the peroxidation of lipids within cellular membranes. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological situations and has attracted the attention of numerous scientists. Ferroptosis suppressive protein 1 (FSP1) is one of the main regulators that negatively regulates ferroptosis through the GPX4-independent FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H axis and is a potential therapeutic target for ferroptosis-related diseases. However, the crystal structure of FSP1 has not been resolved, which hinders the development of therapeutic strategies targeting FSP1. To unravel this puzzle, we purified the human FSP1 (hFSP1) protein using the baculovirus eukaryotic cell expression system and solved its crystal structure at a resolution of 1.75 A. Furthermore, we evaluated the oxidoreductase activity of hFSP1 with NADH as the substrate and identified E156 as the key amino acid in maintaining hFSP1 activity. Interestingly, our results indicated that hFSP1 exists and functions in a monomeric state. Mutagenesis analysis revealed the critical role of the C-terminal domain in the binding of substrate. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the functional mechanism of FSP1 and provide a precise model for further drug development. The crystal structure of human ferroptosis suppressive protein 1 in complex with flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine nucleotide.,Feng S, Huang X, Tang D, Liu X, Ouyang L, Yang D, Wang K, Liao B, Qi S MedComm (2020). 2024 Feb 26;5(3):e479. doi: 10.1002/mco2.479. eCollection 2024 , Mar. PMID:38414669[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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Categories: Homo sapiens | Large Structures | Feng S | Huang X | Qi S | Tang D
