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Publication Abstract from PubMed

The limited understanding of the broad-specific antibody recognition mechanism significantly hinders the development of immunoassays for simultaneously detecting illegal adulterants. Herein, a recombinant antisulfonylureas (SUs) single-chain variable fragment (scFv), which retained the properties of its parental monoclonal antibody, was successfully generated. X-ray crystallography, molecular docking, functional assays, and mutation validation were used to investigate the structure-function relationships underlying antibody-SUs binding. Our study revealed three key mechanisms for broad specificity: (1) the conformational adaptability of the scFv, which enabled various SUs to access the binding pocket; (2) the role of the Trp98 residue in CDR-L3 in modulating binding affinities among multiple SUs; and (3) the design of haptens with common structures and more rigid R substituents, which emerged as a promising strategy for generating broad-specific antibodies. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the broad-specific recognition mechanism, offering valuable insights for rational hapten design and targeted antibody evolution to advance multitarget immunoassays.

Structure Profiling of Broad-Specificity Immunoassays: Multitarget Recognition for Sulfonylurea Adulteration in Food.,Yu X, Zhou T, Pan K, Fan MH, Yan X, Huang XA, Zhang H, Shen X, Xie H, Gao YG, Lei H J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Apr 16;73(15):9348-9358. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00655. , Epub 2025 Apr 2. PMID:40173361^[1]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.