5lw5
From Proteopedia
TURNIP YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS PROTEASE/DEUBIQUITINASE DOMAIN, DELTAC5 MUTANT
Structural highlights
FunctionPOLR_TYMV Acts as a cysteine protease, methyltransferase and deubiquitinase. The cyteine protease activity cleaves the polyprotein giving rise to mature proteins. The methyltransferase domain is probably involved in viral RNA capping. The deubiquitylating activity counteracts the degradation of the viral polymerase mediated by the host ubiquitin-proteasome system. The polymerase is thus stabilized and infectivity is increased.[1] RNA-directed RNA polymerase is responsible for the replication and transcription of the genome.[2] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe positive-strand RNA virus Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) encodes an ovarian tumor (OTU)-like protease/deubiquitinase (PRO/DUB) protein domain involved both in proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein through its PRO activity, and in removal of ubiquitin chains from ubiquitylated substrates through its DUB activity. Here, the crystal structures of TYMV PRO/DUB mutants and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that an idiosyncratic mobile loop participates in reversibly constricting its unusual catalytic site by adopting "open", "intermediate" or "closed" conformations. The two cis-prolines of the loop form a rigid flap that in the most closed conformation zips up against the other side of the catalytic cleft. The intermediate and closed conformations also correlate with a reordering of the TYMV PRO/DUB catalytic dyad, that then assumes a classical, yet still unusually mobile, OTU DUB alignment. Further structure-based mutants designed to interfere with the loop's mobility were assessed for enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo, and were shown to display reduced DUB activity while retaining PRO activity. This indicates that control of the switching between the dual PRO/DUB activities resides prominently within this loop next to the active site. Introduction of mutations into the viral genome revealed that the DUB activity contributes to the extent of viral RNA accumulation both in single cells and in whole plants. In addition, the conformation of the mobile flap was also found to influence symptoms severity in planta. Such mutants now provide powerful tools with which to study the specific roles of reversible ubiquitylation in viral infection. A mobile loop near the active site acts as a switch between the dual activities of a viral protease/deubiquitinase.,Jupin I, Ayach M, Jomat L, Fieulaine S, Bressanelli S PLoS Pathog. 2017 Nov 8;13(11):e1006714. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006714., eCollection 2017 Nov. PMID:29117247[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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