7jv7

Structural highlights

Function

CTK1_YEAST Catalytic subunit of the CTDK-I complex, which hyperphosphorylates the C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit. CTDK-I phosphorylates 'Ser-5' if the CTD substrate is not phosphorylated at 'Ser-5', but will phosphorylate 'Ser-2' of a CTD substrate if 'Ser-5' is already phosphorylated. CTDK-I is also more reactive toward substrates that are prephosphorylated at 'Ser-2' or 'Ser-5' compared with an unphosphorylated CTD substrate, therefore efficiently creating doubly phosphorylated CTD repeats. Involved in RNA polymerase II transcriptional elongation, and through PTI1, pre-mRNA 3'-end processing. Participates in both positive and negative regulation of CTD phosphorylation. Required for DNA damage induced transcription, including the expression of the RNR genes, and reprogramming of gene expression upon amino acid starvation. Required for SET2 mediated H3K36 methylation. Also regulates H3K4 methylation. Controls the maintenance of suppressive chromatin in the coding regions of genes by both promoting H3K36 methylation, which leads to histone deacetylation, and catalyzing phosphorylation of the CTD required to localize H3K4 chromatin modification specifically to the 5' ends of genes, thereby creating a boundary for H3K4 methylation that prevents a mark associated with transcriptional initiation from spreading into the bodies of genes. Involved in RNA polymerase I transcription. Involved in telomere maintenance. Acts together with SNF1 to induce GSY2 transcription in response to glucose limitation. Involved in the adaptation to alternative carbon sources, including galactose, glycerol and ethanol, but not raffinose. Required for the integrity of the rDNA locus. Functions in translation elongation by enhancing decoding fidelity. Needed for translational accuracy by phosphorylating RPS2.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}

References

1. ↑ Patturajan M, Conrad NK, Bregman DB, Corden JL. Yeast carboxyl-terminal domain kinase I positively and negatively regulates RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 24;274(39):27823-8. PMID:10488128 doi:10.1074/jbc.274.39.27823
2. ↑ Skaar DA, Greenleaf AL. The RNA polymerase II CTD kinase CTDK-I affects pre-mRNA 3' cleavage/polyadenylation through the processing component Pti1p. Mol Cell. 2002 Dec;10(6):1429-39. PMID:12504017 doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00731-1
3. ↑ Xiao T, Hall H, Kizer KO, Shibata Y, Hall MC, Borchers CH, Strahl BD. Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II CTD regulates H3 methylation in yeast. Genes Dev. 2003 Mar 1;17(5):654-63. PMID:12629047 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1055503
4. ↑ Ostapenko D, Solomon MJ. Budding yeast CTDK-I is required for DNA damage-induced transcription. Eukaryot Cell. 2003 Apr;2(2):274-83. PMID:12684377 doi:10.1128/EC.2.2.274-283.2003
5. ↑ Jones JC, Phatnani HP, Haystead TA, MacDonald JA, Alam SM, Greenleaf AL. C-terminal repeat domain kinase I phosphorylates Ser2 and Ser5 of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 11;279(24):24957-64. PMID:15047695 doi:10.1074/jbc.M402218200
6. ↑ Askree SH, Yehuda T, Smolikov S, Gurevich R, Hawk J, Coker C, Krauskopf A, Kupiec M, McEachern MJ. A genome-wide screen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants that affect telomere length. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 8;101(23):8658-63. Epub 2004 May 25. PMID:15161972 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401263101
7. ↑ Bouchoux C, Hautbergue G, Grenetier S, Carles C, Riva M, Goguel V. CTD kinase I is involved in RNA polymerase I transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Nov 1;32(19):5851-60. PMID:15520468 doi:10.1093/nar/gkh927
8. ↑ Van Driessche B, Coddens S, Van Mullem V, Vandenhaute J. Glucose deprivation mediates interaction between CTDK-I and Snf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 2005 Oct 10;579(24):5318-24. PMID:16182287 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.08.057
9. ↑ Grenetier S, Bouchoux C, Goguel V. CTD kinase I is required for the integrity of the rDNA tandem array. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(17):4996-5006. PMID:16984969 doi:10.1093/nar/gkl493
10. ↑ Xiao T, Shibata Y, Rao B, Laribee RN, O'Rourke R, Buck MJ, Greenblatt JF, Krogan NJ, Lieb JD, Strahl BD. The RNA polymerase II kinase Ctk1 regulates positioning of a 5' histone methylation boundary along genes. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;27(2):721-31. PMID:17088384 doi:10.1128/MCB.01628-06
11. ↑ Röther S, Strässer K. The RNA polymerase II CTD kinase Ctk1 functions in translation elongation. Genes Dev. 2007 Jun 1;21(11):1409-21. PMID:17545469 doi:10.1101/gad.428407
12. ↑ Lee JM, Greenleaf AL. Modulation of RNA polymerase II elongation efficiency by C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain kinase I. J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 25;272(17):10990-3. PMID:9110987 doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.10990