7xjj

From Proteopedia

Cryo-EM structure of the galanin-bound GALR1-miniGo complex

Structural highlights

7xjj is a 6 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	Electron Microscopy, Resolution 3.3Å
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

GNAO_HUMAN Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

GNAO_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(o) protein function is not clear. Stimulated by RGS14.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Galanin is a biologically active neuropeptide, and functions through three distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. GALR signaling plays important roles in regulating various physiological processes such as energy metabolism, neuropathic pain, epileptic activity, and sleep homeostasis. GALR1 and GALR3 signal through the Gi/o pathway, whereas GALR2 signals mainly through the Gq/11 pathway. However, the molecular basis for galanin recognition and G protein selectivity of GALRs remains poorly understood. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structures of the GALR1-Go and the GALR2-Gq complexes bound to the endogenous ligand galanin or spexin. The galanin peptide mainly adopts an alpha helical structure, which binds at the extracellular vestibule of the receptors, nearly parallel to the membrane plane without penetrating deeply into the receptor core. Structural analysis combined with functional studies reveals important structural determinants for the G protein selectivity of GALRs as well as other class A GPCRs. In addition, we show that the zinc ion is a negative allosteric regulator of GALR1 but not GALR2. Our studies provide insight into the mechanisms of G protein selectivity of GPCRs and highlight a potential function of the neuromodulator zinc ion as a modulator of GPCR signaling in the central nervous system.

Structural insights into galanin receptor signaling.,Jiang W, Zheng S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 May 24;119(21):e2121465119. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.2121465119. Epub 2022 May 20. PMID:35594396^[1]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Jiang W, Zheng S. Structural insights into galanin receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 May 24;119(21):e2121465119. PMID:35594396 doi:10.1073/pnas.2121465119