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Structural highlights

Function

PRT6_ARATH Ubiquitin protein ligase which is a component of the N-end rule pathway with arginine specificity, and functions with the arginyltransferases ATE1 and ATE2. Recognizes and binds to proteins bearing specific N-terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N-end rule, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation (PubMed:17572409, PubMed:19255443, PubMed:19620738, PubMed:22020282). Does not participate in degradation of proteins with N-terminal Phe or Leu (PubMed:17572409). The N-end rule pathway regulates seed after-ripening, seedling sugar sensitivity, seedling lipid breakdown, and abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of germination (PubMed:19255443). The N-end rule pathway regulates various aspects of leaf and shoot development (PubMed:19620738). Involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of RAP2-12, an activator of hypoxic gene expression. The ubiquitination occurs after the N-arginylation of RAP2-12 by ATE1 or ATE2 under aerobic conditions (PubMed:22020282). The end-rule pathway plays a role in regulating the timing and amplitude of the immune response following infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (PubMed:27173012, PubMed:30117535). Regulates the biosynthesis of plant-defense metabolites such as glucosinolates, and the biosynthesis and response to the phytohormone jasmonate (JA), which plays a key role in plant immunity (PubMed:27173012). Controls the expression of specific defense-response genes, activates the synthesis pathway for the phytoalexin camalexin, and influences basal resistance to the hemibiotroph pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (PubMed:30117535). Coordinates the mobilization of seed storage reserves and regulates the abundance and activities of several proteases following seed germination (PubMed:29168982).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

References

1. ↑ Garzon M, Eifler K, Faust A, Scheel H, Hofmann K, Koncz C, Yephremov A, Bachmair A. PRT6/At5g02310 encodes an Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule pathway with arginine specificity and is not the CER3 locus. FEBS Lett. 2007 Jul 10;581(17):3189-96. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.005. Epub , 2007 Jun 12. PMID:17572409 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.005
2. ↑ Holman TJ, Jones PD, Russell L, Medhurst A, Ubeda Tomas S, Talloji P, Marquez J, Schmuths H, Tung SA, Taylor I, Footitt S, Bachmair A, Theodoulou FL, Holdsworth MJ. The N-end rule pathway promotes seed germination and establishment through removal of ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 17;106(11):4549-54. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0810280106. Epub 2009 Mar 2. PMID:19255443 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810280106
3. ↑ Graciet E, Walter F, O'Maoileidigh DS, Pollmann S, Meyerowitz EM, Varshavsky A, Wellmer F. The N-end rule pathway controls multiple functions during Arabidopsis shoot and leaf development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 11;106(32):13618-23. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0906404106. Epub 2009 Jul 20. PMID:19620738 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906404106
4. ↑ Licausi F, Kosmacz M, Weits DA, Giuntoli B, Giorgi FM, Voesenek LA, Perata P, van Dongen JT. Oxygen sensing in plants is mediated by an N-end rule pathway for protein destabilization. Nature. 2011 Oct 23;479(7373):419-22. doi: 10.1038/nature10536. PMID:22020282 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10536
5. ↑ de Marchi R, Sorel M, Mooney B, Fudal I, Goslin K, Kwasniewska K, Ryan PT, Pfalz M, Kroymann J, Pollmann S, Feechan A, Wellmer F, Rivas S, Graciet E. The N-end rule pathway regulates pathogen responses in plants. Sci Rep. 2016 May 13;6:26020. doi: 10.1038/srep26020. PMID:27173012 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep26020
6. ↑ Zhang H, Gannon L, Hassall KL, Deery MJ, Gibbs DJ, Holdsworth MJ, van der Hoorn RAL, Lilley KS, Theodoulou FL. N-terminomics reveals control of Arabidopsis seed storage proteins and proteases by the Arg/N-end rule pathway. New Phytol. 2018 May;218(3):1106-1126. doi: 10.1111/nph.14909. Epub 2017 Nov 23. PMID:29168982 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14909
7. ↑ Vicente J, Mendiondo GM, Pauwels J, Pastor V, Izquierdo Y, Naumann C, Movahedi M, Rooney D, Gibbs DJ, Smart K, Bachmair A, Gray JE, Dissmeyer N, Castresana C, Ray RV, Gevaert K, Holdsworth MJ. Distinct branches of the N-end rule pathway modulate the plant immune response. New Phytol. 2019 Jan;221(2):988-1000. doi: 10.1111/nph.15387. Epub 2018 Aug 17. PMID:30117535 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15387