9gr0

Structural highlights

Disease

KAD2_HUMAN Defects in AK2 are the cause of reticular dysgenesis (RDYS) [MIM:267500; also known as aleukocytosis. RDYS is the most severe form of inborn severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) and is characterized by absence of granulocytes and almost complete deficiency of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, hypoplasia of the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs, and lack of innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immune functions, leading to fatal septicemia within days after birth. In bone marrow of individuals with reticular dysgenesis, myeloid differentiation is blocked at the promyelocytic stage, whereas erythro- and megakaryocytic maturation is generally normal. In addition, affected newborns have bilateral sensorineural deafness. Defects may be due to its absence in leukocytes and inner ear, in which its absence can not be compensated by AK1.^{[1] [2]}

Function

KAD2_HUMAN Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. This small ubiquitous enzyme involved in energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis that is essential for maintenance and cell growth. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis.^[3]

References

1. ↑ Lagresle-Peyrou C, Six EM, Picard C, Rieux-Laucat F, Michel V, Ditadi A, Demerens-de Chappedelaine C, Morillon E, Valensi F, Simon-Stoos KL, Mullikin JC, Noroski LM, Besse C, Wulffraat NM, Ferster A, Abecasis MM, Calvo F, Petit C, Candotti F, Abel L, Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M. Human adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes a profound hematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural deafness. Nat Genet. 2009 Jan;41(1):106-11. Epub 2008 Nov 30. PMID:19043416 doi:ng.278
2. ↑ Pannicke U, Honig M, Hess I, Friesen C, Holzmann K, Rump EM, Barth TF, Rojewski MT, Schulz A, Boehm T, Friedrich W, Schwarz K. Reticular dysgenesis (aleukocytosis) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2. Nat Genet. 2009 Jan;41(1):101-5. Epub 2008 Nov 30. PMID:19043417 doi:ng.265
3. ↑ Lagresle-Peyrou C, Six EM, Picard C, Rieux-Laucat F, Michel V, Ditadi A, Demerens-de Chappedelaine C, Morillon E, Valensi F, Simon-Stoos KL, Mullikin JC, Noroski LM, Besse C, Wulffraat NM, Ferster A, Abecasis MM, Calvo F, Petit C, Candotti F, Abel L, Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M. Human adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes a profound hematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural deafness. Nat Genet. 2009 Jan;41(1):106-11. Epub 2008 Nov 30. PMID:19043416 doi:ng.278