9iy8

Structural highlights

Function

GPR55_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor that binds to several ligands including 2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol or lysophosphatidylglucoside with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways (PubMed:36142844, PubMed:36523570, PubMed:37544935). Induces the Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores via ERK, the heterotrimeric G protein GNA13 and RHOA leading to morphological changes including cell rounding and stress fiber formation (PubMed:36142844). In macrophages, acts downstream of lysophosphatidylglucoside to inhibit the translocation of the phospholipid-transporting ABCA1 to plasma membrane and subsequent cholesterol efflux leading to lipid accumulation and foam cell formation (PubMed:37544935).^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

References

1. ↑ Whyte LS, Ryberg E, Sims NA, Ridge SA, Mackie K, Greasley PJ, Ross RA, Rogers MJ. The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 affects osteoclast function in vitro and bone mass in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 22;106(38):16511-6. PMID:19805329 doi:10.1073/pnas.0902743106
2. ↑ Nakajima K, Oka S, Tanikawa T, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Matsumoto N, Ishiguro H, Arata Y, Sugiura T, Yamashita A. Lysophosphatidylinositol Induced Morphological Changes and Stress Fiber Formation through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 18;23(18):10932. PMID:36142844 doi:10.3390/ijms231810932
3. ↑ Guillamat-Prats R, Hering D, Derle A, Rami M, Härdtner C, Santovito D, Rinne P, Bindila L, Hristov M, Pagano S, Vuilleumier N, Schmid S, Janjic A, Enard W, Weber C, Maegdefessel L, Faussner A, Hilgendorf I, Steffens S. GPR55 in B cells limits atherosclerosis development and regulates plasma cell maturation. Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022 Nov;1:1056-1071. PMID:36523570 doi:10.1038/s44161-022-00155-0
4. ↑ Shimai R, Hanafusa K, Nakayama H, Oshima E, Kato M, Kano K, Matsuo I, Miyazaki T, Tokano T, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Minamino T. Lysophosphatidylglucoside/GPR55 signaling promotes foam cell formation in human M2c macrophages. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 6;13(1):12740. PMID:37544935 doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39904-x