9msd
From Proteopedia
G002-293-0536 Fab in complex with 001428_T278M_L14 SOSIP and RM20A3 Fab
Structural highlights
FunctionA1EAH9_HV1 Envelope glycoprotein gp160: Oligomerizes in the host endoplasmic reticulum into predominantly trimers. In a second time, gp160 transits in the host Golgi, where glycosylation is completed. The precursor is then proteolytically cleaved in the trans-Golgi and thereby activated by cellular furin or furin-like proteases to produce gp120 and gp41.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04083] Surface protein gp120: Attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine coreceptor like CXCR4 and/or CCR5. Acts as a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. These interactions allow capture of viral particles at mucosal surfaces by these cells and subsequent transmission to permissive cells. HIV subverts the migration properties of dendritic cells to gain access to CD4+ T-cells in lymph nodes. Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. In trans infection, bound virions remain infectious over days and it is proposed that they are not degraded, but protected in non-lysosomal acidic organelles within the DCs close to the cell membrane thus contributing to the viral infectious potential during DCs' migration from the periphery to the lymphoid tissues. On arrival at lymphoid tissues, intact virions recycle back to DCs' cell surface allowing virus transmission to CD4+ T-cells.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04083] Transmembrane protein gp41: Acts as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of viral and target intracellular membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Complete fusion occurs in host cell endosomes and is dynamin-dependent, however some lipid transfer might occur at the plasma membrane. The virus undergoes clathrin-dependent internalization long before endosomal fusion, thus minimizing the surface exposure of conserved viral epitopes during fusion and reducing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these epitopes. Membranes fusion leads to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04083] Publication Abstract from PubMedA leading HIV vaccine strategy requires a priming immunogen to induce broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) precursors, followed by a series of heterologous boosters to elicit somatic hypermutation (SHM) and produce bnAbs. In two randomized, open-label phase 1 human clinical trials, IAVI-G002 in the United States and IAVI-G003 in Rwanda and South Africa, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-encoded nanoparticles as priming immunogens (both trials) and first-boosting immunogens (IAVI-G002). The vaccines were generally safe and well tolerated, except 18% of IAVI-G002 participants experienced skin reactions. Priming induced bnAb precursors with substantial frequencies and SHM, and heterologous boosting elicited increased SHM, affinity, and neutralization activity toward bnAb development. The results establish clinical proof of concept that heterologous boosting can advance bnAb-precursor maturation and demonstrate bnAb priming in Africa where the HIV burden is highest. Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.,Willis JR, Prabhakaran M, Muthui M, Naidoo A, Sincomb T, Wu W, Cottrell CA, Landais E, deCamp AC, Keshavarzi NR, Kalyuzhniy O, Lee JH, Murungi LM, Ogonda WA, Yates NL, Corcoran MM, Phulera S, Musando J, Tsai A, Lemire G, Sein Y, Muteti M, Alamuri P, Bohl JA, Holman D, Himansu S, Leav B, Reuter C, Lin LA, Ding B, He C, Straus WL, MacPhee KJ, Regadas I, Nyabundi DV, Chirchir R, Anzala A, Kimotho JN, Kibet C, Greene K, Gao H, Beatman E, Benson K, Laddy D, Brown DM, Bronson R, Baptiste J, Gajjala S, Rikhtegaran-Tehrani Z, Benner A, Ramaswami M, Lu D, Alavi N, Amirzehni S, Kubitz M, Tingle R, Georgeson E, Phelps N, Adachi Y, Liguori A, Flynn C, McKenney K, Zhou X, Owuor DC, Owuor S, Kim SY, Duff M, Kim JY, Gibson G, Baboo S, Diedrich J, Schiffner T, Shields M, Matsoso M, Santos J, Syvertsen K, Kennedy A, Schroeter M, Vekemans J, Yates J, Paulson JC, Hyrien O, McDermott AB, Maenetje P, Nyombayire J, Karita E, Ingabire R, Edward V, Muturi-Kioi V, Maenza J, Shapiro AE, McElrath MJ, Edupuganti S, Taylor BS, Diemert D, Ozorowski G, Koup RA, Montefiori D, Ward AB, Hedestam GK, Tomaras G, Hunt DJ, Muema D, Sok D, Laufer DS, Andrews SF, Nduati EW, Schief WR Science. 2025 May 15:eadr8382. doi: 10.1126/science.adr8382. PMID:40373112[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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