User:Tiphaine Wong

From Proteopedia

General presentation of the protein:

The PD-1 protein, also known as CD279, is a program cell-death 1 protein which plays a particular role in the activation of T-lymphocytes. This receptor located on pro-B cells and T cells binds two ligands: PD-L1 and PD-L2.

History :

PD-1 cDNA was discovered in 1992 by Ishida et Al. The discovery of the role of PD-1 in deficiency and autoimmunity was discovered during the studies on PD-1-deficient mice on the C57BL/6 background.

Clinical applications:

PD-1 negatively regulates immune response and is used for immunotherapy and particularly for cancers. Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol-Myers Squibb), an antibody-drug, was then developed to block the activity of this receptor and is given to treat metastatic melanomas. This drug prevents the binding of the PD-1 ligands; PD-L1 a inhibitor of PD-1; which permits T-cells to work. For the same applications, Pembrolizumab (Keytruda, MK-3475, Merck)) has been developed and is used since March 2015 in the UK for advanced melanoma and it is in the clinical trials in the US. Others drugs are being developed such as Pidilizumab (CT-011, Cure Tech), BMS 936559 (Bristol Myers Squibb), and MPDL328OA (Roche).