Journal:FEBS Journal:1

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<b>Molecular Tour</b><br>
<b>Molecular Tour</b><br>
Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is cytokine, member of Interleukin 10 family. It forms an IL-20 subfamily with IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 because all these interleukins use the common class II cytokine receptor subunits and have similarities in biological functions <ref name="Rutz">PMID:25421700</ref>. IL-24 signals via two heterodimeric receptor complexes IL-22R1/IL-20R2 and IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and activates the STAT3 and STAT1 signaling (fig.1) <ref name="Dumoutier">PMID:11564763</ref><ref name="Wang">PMID:15667561</ref>.
Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is cytokine, member of Interleukin 10 family. It forms an IL-20 subfamily with IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 because all these interleukins use the common class II cytokine receptor subunits and have similarities in biological functions <ref name="Rutz">PMID:25421700</ref>. IL-24 signals via two heterodimeric receptor complexes IL-22R1/IL-20R2 and IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and activates the STAT3 and STAT1 signaling (fig.1) <ref name="Dumoutier">PMID:11564763</ref><ref name="Wang">PMID:15667561</ref>.
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IL-24 is associated with multiple diseases, including the promotion and amplification of inflammatory responses during autoimmune and chronic inflammation <ref name="Rutz">PMID:25421700</ref>, psoriasis-like skin inflammation <ref name="Kumari">PMID:24211183</ref>, epidermal inflammation induced by stresses <ref name="Jin">PMID:25168428</ref>, inflammatory bowel disease <ref name="Andoh">PMID:19535621</ref><ref name="Fonseca-Camarillo">PMID:24527982</ref>, and also with host defense during bacterial infection <ref name="Ma">PMID:19830736</ref>[8]. Some studies suggest anti-cancer activities that increased the interest in this molecule.
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IL-24 is associated with multiple diseases, including the promotion and amplification of inflammatory responses during autoimmune and chronic inflammation <ref name="Rutz">PMID:25421700</ref>, psoriasis-like skin inflammation <ref name="Kumari">PMID:24211183</ref>, epidermal inflammation induced by stresses <ref name="Jin">PMID:25168428</ref>, inflammatory bowel disease <ref name="Andoh">PMID:19535621</ref><ref name="Fonseca-Camarillo">PMID:24527982</ref>, and also with host defense during bacterial infection <ref name="Ma">PMID:19830736</ref>. Some studies suggest anti-cancer activities that increased the interest in this molecule.
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One of the stable variants (IL-24B) was crystallized, its structure solved at 1.3 Å resolution and deposited to PDB under the code 6gg1. This structure together with the recently published crystal structure of the ternary complex of IL-24 fused to IL-22R1 and co-expressed with IL-20R2 (PDB ID [[6df3]], [13]) allowed us to analyze the role of the mutated amino acid residues protein stability, flexibility, and binding to the cognate receptors (fig.2). Based on the analysis, we expressed a series of variants back engineered from the PROSS designed variant by changing the critical residues back to their wild types. We revealed that re-introduction of a single IL-24 wild type residue (T198) to the patch interacting with receptors 1 restored 80 % of the binding affinity and signaling capacity accompanied by an acceptable drop in the protein stability by 9°C.
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One of the stable variants (IL-24B) was crystallized, its structure solved at 1.3 Å resolution and deposited to PDB under the code 6gg1. This structure together with the recently published crystal structure of the ternary complex of IL-24 fused to IL-22R1 and co-expressed with IL-20R2 (PDB ID [[6df3]]<ref name="Ma">PMID:30111632</ref>) allowed us to analyze the role of the mutated amino acid residues protein stability, flexibility, and binding to the cognate receptors (fig.2). Based on the analysis, we expressed a series of variants back engineered from the PROSS designed variant by changing the critical residues back to their wild types. We revealed that re-introduction of a single IL-24 wild type residue (T198) to the patch interacting with receptors 1 restored 80 % of the binding affinity and signaling capacity accompanied by an acceptable drop in the protein stability by 9°C.
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11. Frey S & Gorlich D (2014) A new set of highly efficient, tag-cleaving proteases for purifying recombinant proteins, J Chrom A 1337, 95-105.
11. Frey S & Gorlich D (2014) A new set of highly efficient, tag-cleaving proteases for purifying recombinant proteins, J Chrom A 1337, 95-105.
12. Frey S & Gorlich D (2014) Purification of protein complexes of defined subunit stoichiometry using a set of orthogonal, tag-cleaving proteases, J Chrom A 1337, 106-15.
12. Frey S & Gorlich D (2014) Purification of protein complexes of defined subunit stoichiometry using a set of orthogonal, tag-cleaving proteases, J Chrom A 1337, 106-15.
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13. Lubkowski J, Sonmez C, Smirnov SV, Anishkin A, Kotenko SV & Wlodawer A (2018) Crystal Structure of the Labile Complex of IL-24 with the Extracellular Domains of IL-22R1 and IL-20R2, J Immunol , ji1800726.
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