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Flagellar protein

From Proteopedia

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<StructureSection load='1io1' size='340' side='right' caption='Flagellin major fragment of ''Salmonella typhimurium'' (PDB code [[1io1]])' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1io1' size='340' side='right' caption='Flagellin major fragment of ''Salmonella typhimurium'' (PDB code [[1io1]])' scene=''>
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__TOC__
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==Function==
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[[Image:Flagellum1 800px.jpg|left|thumb|The bacterial flagellum consists of a filament, a universal joint (hook), and a motor (basal body).|200px]]<br />
[[Image:Flagellum1 800px.jpg|left|thumb|The bacterial flagellum consists of a filament, a universal joint (hook), and a motor (basal body).|200px]]<br />
Flagella (singular: flagellum) enable bacteria to swim towards sources of nutrition, and away from sources of toxins. Such directed motility is termed ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis chemotaxis]''. Rapid swimming helps [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellovibrio Bdellovibrio] penetrate and parasitize their host bacteria, but flagella are not always essential for virulence<ref name="virulence1">PMID: 2152887</ref>. Flagella are important in responses to quorum sensing<ref name="quorum1">PMID: 15449604</ref> and biofilm formation<ref name="biofilms1">PMID: 19231189</ref><ref name="biofilms2">PMID: 17416647</ref>. Flagella may also be involved in functions other than motility<ref name="otherfunctions">PMID: 17920274</ref>.
Flagella (singular: flagellum) enable bacteria to swim towards sources of nutrition, and away from sources of toxins. Such directed motility is termed ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis chemotaxis]''. Rapid swimming helps [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellovibrio Bdellovibrio] penetrate and parasitize their host bacteria, but flagella are not always essential for virulence<ref name="virulence1">PMID: 2152887</ref>. Flagella are important in responses to quorum sensing<ref name="quorum1">PMID: 15449604</ref> and biofilm formation<ref name="biofilms1">PMID: 19231189</ref><ref name="biofilms2">PMID: 17416647</ref>. Flagella may also be involved in functions other than motility<ref name="otherfunctions">PMID: 17920274</ref>.
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The [[Flagellar filament of bacteria|flagellar filament]] is a relatively rigid, helical rod, typically many times the length of the bacterial cell. Many motile bacteria, including ''Salmonella'', have multiple flagella extending from each cell. Rotation of the filaments by the motor is what propels the cell. [[Flagellar filament of bacteria|More...]]<br />
The [[Flagellar filament of bacteria|flagellar filament]] is a relatively rigid, helical rod, typically many times the length of the bacterial cell. Many motile bacteria, including ''Salmonella'', have multiple flagella extending from each cell. Rotation of the filaments by the motor is what propels the cell. [[Flagellar filament of bacteria|More...]]<br />
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For more details see [[Flagellar proteins]]
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For more details see [[Flagellar proteins]] and [[Flagellar filament of bacteria]].
===Hook (Universal Joint)===
===Hook (Universal Joint)===
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During assembly of the flagellum, its protein components are transported through hollow cores of the basal body, hook and filament, assembling at the end of the nascent flagellum<ref name="assembly1">PMID: 18931786</ref>. The [http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/eng/labo/09a.html Namba Group] has prepared a [http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/labs/namba/npn/movie5.html movie illustrating their understanding of the assembly process as of about 2004].
During assembly of the flagellum, its protein components are transported through hollow cores of the basal body, hook and filament, assembling at the end of the nascent flagellum<ref name="assembly1">PMID: 18931786</ref>. The [http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/eng/labo/09a.html Namba Group] has prepared a [http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/labs/namba/npn/movie5.html movie illustrating their understanding of the assembly process as of about 2004].
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}
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</StructureSection>
 
==3D structures of flagellar protein==
==3D structures of flagellar protein==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[Flagellar protein 3D structures]]
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*Flagellar protein FlgA
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</StructureSection>
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**[[3vki]], [[3vjp]], [[3tee]] – StFlgA – ''Salmonella typhimurium''<br />
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**[[3frn]] – FlgA – ''Thermotoga maritima''<br />
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**[[6ch3]] – StFlgA + flagellin<br />
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*Flagellar protein FlgE
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**[[5xbj]], [[5az4]] – CjFlgE – ''Campylobacter jejuni''<br />
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**[[5ay6]] – FlgE – ''Caulobacter crescntus''<br />
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**[[3a69]] – SeFlgE – ''Salmonella enterica'' – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[2bgz]], [[2bgy]] – StFlgE – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[1wlg]] – StFlgE <br />
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*Flagellar protein FlgK
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**[[5xbj]] – CjFlgK <br />
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*Flagellar protein FlgL
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**[[6yti]] – LpFlgL – ''Legionella pneumophila''<br />
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*Flagellar protein FlhB
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**[[3b1s]] – AaFlhB C-terminal – ''Aquifex aeolicus''<br />
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**[[3b0z]] – StFlhB C-terminal <br />
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*Flagellar protein FlhF
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**[[3syn]] – BsFlhF + ATP-binding protein YLXH – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
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**[[2px3]] – BsFlhF + GDP<br />
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**[[2px0]] – BsFlhF + GMPPNP<br />
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*Flagellar protein FliS
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**[[5maw]] – BsFliS + flagellin<br />
 
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**[[1ory]] – AaFliS + flagellin<br />
 
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}}
 
====Lists of Flagellar Structures====
====Lists of Flagellar Structures====
These are automatically-generated lists of [[PDB codes]].
These are automatically-generated lists of [[PDB codes]].
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==References and Notes==
==References and Notes==
<references />
<references />
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[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

PDB ID 1io1

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

Lists of Flagellar Structures

These are automatically-generated lists of PDB codes.


and there are undoubtedly other flagellum-related Categories ...

See Also

Within Proteopedia:

External Links

</StructureSection>

References and Notes

  1. ↑ Lockman HA, Curtiss R 3rd. Salmonella typhimurium mutants lacking flagella or motility remain virulent in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun. 1990 Jan;58(1):137-43. PMID:2152887
  2. ↑ Daniels R, Vanderleyden J, Michiels J. Quorum sensing and swarming migration in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004 Jun;28(3):261-89. PMID:15449604
  3. ↑ Yildiz FH, Visick KL. Vibrio biofilms: so much the same yet so different. Trends Microbiol. 2009 Mar;17(3):109-18. Epub 2009 Feb 21. PMID:19231189 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.12.004
  4. ↑ Lemon KP, Higgins DE, Kolter R. Flagellar motility is critical for Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation. J Bacteriol. 2007 Jun;189(12):4418-24. Epub 2007 Apr 6. PMID:17416647 doi:10.1128/JB.01967-06
  5. ↑ Guerry P. Campylobacter flagella: not just for motility. Trends Microbiol. 2007 Oct;15(10):456-61. Epub 2007 Oct 24. PMID:17920274 doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.09.006
  6. ↑ Minamino T, Imada K, Namba K. Mechanisms of type III protein export for bacterial flagellar assembly. Mol Biosyst. 2008 Nov;4(11):1105-15. Epub 2008 Sep 24. PMID:18931786 doi:10.1039/b808065h

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