Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

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<StructureSection load='1bdo' size='450' side='right' scene='49/492046/Cv/1' caption='E. coli Acetyl-CoA carboxylase biotinyl domain complex with biotin (PDB code [[1bdo]]) '>
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='49/492046/Cv/1' caption='E. coli Acetyl-CoA carboxylase biotinyl domain complex with biotin (PDB code [[1bdo]]) '>
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__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Acetyl-CoA carboxylase''' (ACC) catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA is a building block in in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. ACC is biotin- and ATP-dependent enzyme. In mammals, 2 forms of ACC exist. ACC1 and ACC2 differ in their tissue distribution and function.
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'''Acetyl-CoA carboxylase''' (ACC) catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of <scene name='43/430893/Cv/2'>acetyl-CoA</scene> to <scene name='49/492046/Cv/7'>malonyl-CoA</scene>. Malonyl-CoA is a building block in in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. ACC is biotin- and ATP-dependent enzyme. In mammals, 2 forms of ACC exist. ACC1 and ACC2 differ in their tissue distribution and function. See also [[3-Hydroxypropionate bicycle]].
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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ACC is a multi-subunit enzyme in prokaryotes and plants. Each subunit catalyzes different reaction. These are – '''biotin carboxylase''' (BC) which carboxylates the biotin prosthetic group see [[Biotin carboxylase]], '''biotin carboxyl carrier protein''' (BCCP) which is linked covalently to biotin and '''carboxyltransferase''' (CT) which transfers the carboxyl group from biotin to acetyl-CoA. In eukaryotes these functions are performed by a single polypeptide chain. The biotindyl domain (residues 891-964 in human, 75-156 in E.coli) transfers an activated carboxyl group from the BC domain to the CT domain. <scene name='49/492046/Cv/2'>E.coli biotin carboxylase complex with biotin</scene> ([[1bdo]]) is shown.
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ACC is a multi-subunit enzyme in prokaryotes and plants. Each subunit catalyzes different reaction. These are – '''biotin carboxylase''' (BC) which carboxylates the biotin prosthetic group, '''biotin carboxyl carrier protein''' (BCCP) which is linked covalently to biotin and '''carboxyltransferase''' (CT) which transfers the carboxyl group from biotin to acetyl-CoA. In eukaryotes these functions are performed by a single polypeptide chain. The biotin moiety is located in the beta turn connecting the N and C halves of BCCP. <scene name='49/492046/Cv/6'>E.coli biotin carboxylase complex with biotin</scene> ([[1bdo]]) is shown. <ref>PMID:8747466</ref> Water molecules shown as red spheres.
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
Bacterial ACC serves as a potential drug target for novel antibiotics.
Bacterial ACC serves as a potential drug target for novel antibiotics.
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</StructureSection>
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==3D structures of acetyl-CoA carboxylase==
==3D structures of acetyl-CoA carboxylase==
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[[Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domain
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**[[1bnc]], [[1dv1]] - EcBCCP – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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**[[2gps]], [[2gpw]], [[3g8d]] - EcBCCP (mutant)<br />
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**[[1a6x]], [[3bdo]] – EcBCCP biotinyl domain – NMR<BR />
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**[[2dn8]] – hBCCP2 residues 8-94 – human - NMR<BR />
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**[[2kcc]] - hBCCP2 residues 891-964 – NMR<br />
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**[[3glk]], [[3jrw]] – hBCCP2<br />
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**[[4hq6]] – hBCCP2 (mutant)<br />
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**[[2yl2]] – hBCCP1<br />
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**[[2c00]] – BCCP – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
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**[[1w93]] – yBCCP – yeast <br />
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* Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) subunit complex
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**[[1bdo]] - EcBCCP + biotin <br />
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**[[2bdo]] - EcBCCP + biotin – NMR<br />
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**[[1w96]] – yBCCP + soraphen <br />
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**[[3gid]], [[3jrx]] – hBCCP2 + soraphen <br />
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**[[2j9g]] – EcBCCP + AMPPNP + ADP<br />
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**[[1dv2]] – EcBCCP (mutant) + ATP<br />
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**[[3rup]] - EcBCCP + Ca + ADP<br />
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**[[3rv3]] - EcBCCP + Mg + ADP<br />
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**[[3rv4]] - EcBCCP + bicarbonate + Mg-ADP<br />
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**[[3g8c]] - EcBCCP + biotin + bicarbonate + Mg + ADP<br />
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**[[2vr1]] - EcBCCP + ATP analog<br />
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**[[2vpq]] - SaBCCP + AMPPNP <br />
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**[[2vqd]] - SaBCCP + AMPCP<br />
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**[[3ouz]] - CjBCCP + ADP – Campylobacter jejuni<br />
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**[[3ouu]] - CjBCCP + b-g-ATP<br />
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**[[4hr7]] – EcBCCP + biotin carboxyl carrier protein<br />
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**[[4mv1]] – HiBCCP + Pi + ADP – Haemophilus influenzae<br />
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**[[4mv3]] – HiBCCP + bicarbonate + AMPCP <br />
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**[[4mv4]] – HiBCCP + Mg + AMPCP <br />
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**[[4mv8]] – HiBCCP + Pi + AMPCP <br />
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**[[4mv9]] – HiBCCP + bicarbonate <br />
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**[[4mv6]], [[4mv7]] – HiBCCP + phosphoacetamide <br />
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* Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) subunit complex with inhibitors
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**[[2v58]], [[2v59]], [[2v5a]] - EcBCCP + inhibitor<br />
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**[[2w6m]], [[2w6n]], [[2w6o]], [[2w6p]], [[2w6q]], [[2w6z]], [[2w70]], [[2w71]] - EcBCCP + fragment-based inhibitor<br />
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**[[3jzf]], [[3jzi]] - EcBCCP + benzimidazole inhibitor<br />
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**[[1w96]] – yBCCP + soraphen <br />
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**[[3ff6]] – hBCCP2 + inhibitor <br />
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**[[3gid]], [[3jrx]] – hBCCP2 + soraphen <br />
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**[[3pgq]] - CjBCCP + pinoxaden
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*Carboxyltransferase (CT) domain
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**[[1uyt]] - yCT – yeast<BR />
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**[[1uyv]] - yCT (mutant) <BR />
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**[[2f9i]] - CT – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<BR />
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**[[2f9y]] - EcCT <BR />
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**[[1od2]] - yCT + adenine + acetyl CoA <BR />
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**[[1od4]] - yCT + adenine<BR />
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**[[1uyr]], [[1uys]], [[1w2x]], [[3k8x]], [[3h0j]], [[3h0s]], [[3h0q]], [[3pgq]], [[3tv5]], [[3tvu]], [[3tvw]], [[3tz3]], [[4wyo]], [[4wz8]] - yCT + inhibitor<BR />
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**[[2x24]] - CT + inhibitor – bovine
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*ACC biotynyl domain (BC)
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**[[2yl2]] – hBC1<br />
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**[[3glk]], [[3jrw]], [[2hjw]] – hBC2<br />
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**[[4hq6]] – hBC2 (mutant)<br />
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**[[3bdo]] – EcBC C terminal – NMR<BR />
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**[[1bdo]] - EcBC + biotin <BR />
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**[[2bdo]] - EcBC + biotin – NMR<BR />
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**[[1w93]] – yBC – yeast <br />
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**[[1w96]] – yBC + soraphen <br />
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**[[3gid]], [[3jrx]] – hBC2 + soraphen <br />
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*ACC
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**[[2vpq]] – ACC – Staphylococcus aureus<br />
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**[[2w6p]] – EcACC + AMPPNP<br />
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**[[3tdc]] – hACC2 residues 921-1676 <br />
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**[[4asi]] – hACC1 C terminal<br />
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}}
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== References ==
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<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

E. coli Acetyl-CoA carboxylase biotinyl domain complex with biotin (PDB code 1bdo)

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References

  1. ↑ Athappilly FK, Hendrickson WA. Structure of the biotinyl domain of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase determined by MAD phasing. Structure. 1995 Dec 15;3(12):1407-19. PMID:8747466

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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