Amantadine

From Proteopedia

(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
Current revision (09:08, 14 January 2024) (edit) (undo)
 
(6 intermediate revisions not shown.)
Line 1: Line 1:
-
<applet load="" size="480" color="" frame="true" spin="on" Scene ="Amantadine/Amantadine/1" align="right" caption="Amantadine, also known as Symmetrel"/>
+
<StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='Amantadine, also known as Symmetrel ([[2kqt]])' scene=Amantadine/Amantadine/1'>
===Better Known as: Symmetrel===
===Better Known as: Symmetrel===
* Marketed By: Endo Pharmaceuticals
* Marketed By: Endo Pharmaceuticals
Line 7: Line 7:
* 1994 Sales: N/A
* 1994 Sales: N/A
* Importance: One of the the first treatments approved by the FDA and the first approved for treatment of [[Influenza]] Infections. Nearly 100% of influenza viruses had developed resistance to rimantadine, and it is no longer recommended as a treatment for the flu. Interestingly, in 1969 it was also discovered that Amantadine helped reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
* Importance: One of the the first treatments approved by the FDA and the first approved for treatment of [[Influenza]] Infections. Nearly 100% of influenza viruses had developed resistance to rimantadine, and it is no longer recommended as a treatment for the flu. Interestingly, in 1969 it was also discovered that Amantadine helped reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
-
* The following is a list of Pharmacokinetic Parameters. See: [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information
+
* See [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information about other drugs and disorders.
 +
* (<scene name="Amantadine/Amantadine/1">Restore initial scene</scene>).
===Mechanism of Action===
===Mechanism of Action===
-
The [[Influenza]] A Virus viral envelope is dotted with various [[ion channels]] including [[M2 Proton Channel|M2 Proton Channels]]. The <scene name='Amantadine/M2/1'>M2 protein</scene> plays a critical role in the life cycle of the Influenza virus. It enables hydrogen ions to enter the virion form the endosome. The result of this is a more acidic environment within the virus, causing dissociation of the viral matrix protein M1 from the ribonucleoprotein RNP. Dissociation of the viral matrix protein is a crucial step in uncoating of the virus and exposing its contents to the cytoplasm of the host cell, allowing the virus to hijack the cellular machinery to replicate. Amantadine binds to the M2 protein, effectively disabling the protein from transferring protons into the viral particle.
+
The [[Influenza]] A Virus viral envelope is dotted with various [[ion channels]] including [[M2 Proton Channel|M2 Proton Channels]]. The <scene name='Amantadine/M2/1'>M2 protein</scene> plays a critical role in the life cycle of the Influenza virus. It enables hydrogen ions to enter the virion form the endosome. The result of this is a more acidic environment within the virus, causing dissociation of the viral matrix protein M1 from the ribonucleoprotein RNP. Dissociation of the viral matrix protein is a crucial step in uncoating of the virus and exposing its contents to the cytoplasm of the host cell, allowing the virus to hijack the cellular machinery to replicate. <scene name='Amantadine/Bound/1'>Amantadine binds to the pore</scene> formed by the M2 protein, utilizing Val 27, Ala 30 and Ser 31 in each M2 protein chain, effectively disabling the protein from transferring protons into the viral particle.<ref>PMID: 18235503</ref>
-
 
+
</StructureSection>
===Pharmacokinetics===
===Pharmacokinetics===
-
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="45%" style="text-align:center"
+
<table style="background: cellspacing="0px" align="" cellpadding="0px" width="42%">
-
|-
+
<tr>
-
! colspan="7" align="center"| M2 Proton Channel Inhibitor [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Pharmacokinetics_Translated|Pharmacokinetics]]<ref>PMID:3662473</ref><ref>PMID:17156962</ref>
+
<td style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;border-width:0px; border-style:inset">
-
|-
+
<div style="height:100%; width: 100%">
-
! Parameter
+
{{:M2 Proton Channel Inhibitor Pharmacokinetics}}
-
! [[Rimantadine]]
+
</div>
-
! [[Amantadine]]
+
</td>
-
|-
+
</tr>
-
! [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Tmax|T<sub>max</sub>]] (hr)
+
</table>
-
! 4.3
+
-
! 2.5
+
-
|-
+
-
! [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Cmax|C<sub>max</sub>]] (ng/ml)
+
-
! 310
+
-
! 402
+
-
|-
+
-
! [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Bioavailability_.28F.29|Bioavailability]] (%)
+
-
! >90
+
-
! >90
+
-
|-
+
-
! [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Protein_Binding|Protein Binding]] (%)
+
-
! 40
+
-
! 67
+
-
|-
+
-
! [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Half_Life_.28T1.2F2.29|T<sub>1/2</sub>]] (hr)
+
-
! 27.7
+
-
! ~15
+
-
|-
+
-
! [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Area_Under_the_Curve_.28AUC.29|AUC]] (ng/ml/hr)
+
-
! 11917
+
-
! 5420
+
-
|-
+
-
! Dosage (mg)
+
-
! 100
+
-
! 100
+
-
|-
+
-
! Metabolism
+
-
! Negligible
+
-
! Negligible
+
-
|}
+
===References===
===References===

Current revision

Amantadine, also known as Symmetrel (2kqt)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

Pharmacokinetics

M2 Proton Channel Inhibitor Pharmacokinetics
Parameter Rimantadine Amantadine
Tmax (hr) 4.3 2.5
Cmax (ng/ml) 310 402
Bioavailability (%) >90 >90
Protein Binding (%) 40 67
T1/2 (hr) 27.7 ~15
AUC (ng/ml/hr) 11917 5420
Dosage (mg) 100 100
Metabolism Negligible Negligible

For Pharmacokinetic Data References, See: References

References

  1. ↑ Schnell JR, Chou JJ. Structure and mechanism of the M2 proton channel of influenza A virus. Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):591-5. PMID:18235503 doi:10.1038/nature06531


Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

David Canner, Alexander Berchansky, Eric Martz

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/Amantadine"
Personal tools