Lapatinib
From Proteopedia
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| - | < | + | <StructureSection load='' size='450' side='right' scene='Lapatinib/Lapatinib/2' caption='Lapatinib, also known as Tykerb ([[3bbt]])'> |
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===Better Known as: Tykerb=== | ===Better Known as: Tykerb=== | ||
* Marketed By: GlaxoSmithKline | * Marketed By: GlaxoSmithKline | ||
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* Date of FDA Approval (Expiration): 2007 (2017) | * Date of FDA Approval (Expiration): 2007 (2017) | ||
* 2009 Sales (Projected Peak): $150 Million ($4.5 Billion)<ref>http://money.cnn.com/2006/06/03/news/companies/glaxo_breastcancer/index.htm</ref> | * 2009 Sales (Projected Peak): $150 Million ($4.5 Billion)<ref>http://money.cnn.com/2006/06/03/news/companies/glaxo_breastcancer/index.htm</ref> | ||
| - | * Importance: It is one of the newest treatments for cancer. Complaints over the high cost ($22,000) for a treatment course which only prolongs survival in breast cancer patients by less than 2 months. It is particularly effective against HER2-positive breast cancer. | + | * Importance: It is one of the newest treatments for cancer. Complaints over the high cost ($22,000) for a treatment course which only prolongs survival in breast cancer patients by less than 2 months. It is particularly effective against HER2-positive breast [[cancer]]. |
* See [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information about other drugs and disorders | * See [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information about other drugs and disorders | ||
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[[EGFR|Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors]] are overexpressed in many types of human [[Cancer|carcinomas]] including lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer, and are often mutated. This overexpression leads to excessive activation of the anti-apoptotic [[Ras]] signalling cascade, resulting in uncontrolled [[DNA_Replication|DNA synthesis]] and cell proliferation. Studies have revealed that the <scene name='Lapatinib/Egfr/1'>EGFR tyrosine kinase domain</scene> is responsible for activating this Ras signaling cascade. Upon binding ligands like Epidermal Growth Factor, EGFR dimerizes and autophosphorylates several tyrosine residues at its C-terminal domain. Upon phosphorylation, EGFR undergoes a significant conformational shift, revealing an additional binding site capable of binding and activating downstream signaling proteins.<ref>PMID:6090945</ref><ref>PMID:16729045</ref> Erlotinib inhibits the EGFR tyrosine kinase by <scene name='Lapatinib/Egfbb/1'>binding to the ATP-binding site</scene> located within the kinase domain. Residues Met 774, Leu 825, Val 707, Thr 835, Asp 836, Phe 837, Thr 771, Lys 726, Ala 724, & Leu 769 tightly bind the inhibitor in place. Unable to bind ATP, EGFR is incapable of autophosphorylating its C-terminal tyrosines, and the uncontrolled cell-proliferation signal is terminated.<ref>PMID:15284455</ref><ref>PMID:15374980</ref> | [[EGFR|Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors]] are overexpressed in many types of human [[Cancer|carcinomas]] including lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer, and are often mutated. This overexpression leads to excessive activation of the anti-apoptotic [[Ras]] signalling cascade, resulting in uncontrolled [[DNA_Replication|DNA synthesis]] and cell proliferation. Studies have revealed that the <scene name='Lapatinib/Egfr/1'>EGFR tyrosine kinase domain</scene> is responsible for activating this Ras signaling cascade. Upon binding ligands like Epidermal Growth Factor, EGFR dimerizes and autophosphorylates several tyrosine residues at its C-terminal domain. Upon phosphorylation, EGFR undergoes a significant conformational shift, revealing an additional binding site capable of binding and activating downstream signaling proteins.<ref>PMID:6090945</ref><ref>PMID:16729045</ref> Erlotinib inhibits the EGFR tyrosine kinase by <scene name='Lapatinib/Egfbb/1'>binding to the ATP-binding site</scene> located within the kinase domain. Residues Met 774, Leu 825, Val 707, Thr 835, Asp 836, Phe 837, Thr 771, Lys 726, Ala 724, & Leu 769 tightly bind the inhibitor in place. Unable to bind ATP, EGFR is incapable of autophosphorylating its C-terminal tyrosines, and the uncontrolled cell-proliferation signal is terminated.<ref>PMID:15284455</ref><ref>PMID:15374980</ref> | ||
| - | ===Pharmacokinetics | + | ===Pharmacokinetics=== |
<table style="background: cellspacing="0px" align="" cellpadding="0px" width="50%"> | <table style="background: cellspacing="0px" align="" cellpadding="0px" width="50%"> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
__NOEDITSECTION__ | __NOEDITSECTION__ | ||
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Current revision
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References
- ↑ http://money.cnn.com/2006/06/03/news/companies/glaxo_breastcancer/index.htm
- ↑ Downward J, Parker P, Waterfield MD. Autophosphorylation sites on the epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature. 1984 Oct 4-10;311(5985):483-5. PMID:6090945
- ↑ Oda K, Matsuoka Y, Funahashi A, Kitano H. A comprehensive pathway map of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Mol Syst Biol. 2005;1:2005.0010. Epub 2005 May 25. PMID:16729045 doi:10.1038/msb4100014
- ↑ Sordella R, Bell DW, Haber DA, Settleman J. Gefitinib-sensitizing EGFR mutations in lung cancer activate anti-apoptotic pathways. Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1163-7. Epub 2004 Jul 29. PMID:15284455 doi:10.1126/science.1101637
- ↑ Wood ER, Truesdale AT, McDonald OB, Yuan D, Hassell A, Dickerson SH, Ellis B, Pennisi C, Horne E, Lackey K, Alligood KJ, Rusnak DW, Gilmer TM, Shewchuk L. A unique structure for epidermal growth factor receptor bound to GW572016 (Lapatinib): relationships among protein conformation, inhibitor off-rate, and receptor activity in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;64(18):6652-9. PMID:15374980 doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1168
