Aminotransferase

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E. coli Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase complex with PLP (PDB code 1gew)

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1 Function
2 Relevance
3 Structural highlights
4 3D structures of aminotransferase

Function

Aminotransferase or transaminase catalyze the reversible exchange of amino group of an amino acid with a keto group of an alpha-keto acid. Aminotransferases use pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as cofactor.

Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase (HPA) catalyzes the interconversion of L-histidinol phosphate and 2-oxoglutarate to L-glutarate and 3-(imidazole-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate. HPA is part of the metabolism of histidine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. ^[1]

Gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA) catalyzes the intercorversion of 4-aminobutanoate and 2-oxoglutarate to succinate semialdehyde and L-glutamate.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) catalyzes the intercorversion of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and glutamate. For details on AAT see Aspartate Aminotransferase.^[2]

Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) catalyzes the intercorversion of phosphoserine and oxoglutarate to phosphonooxypyruvate and glutamate. For details on PSAT see Phosphoserine aminotransferase.^[3]

Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGA) catalyzes the intercorversion of alanine and glyoxate to methyloxopropanoate and glycine.

D-amino acid aminotransferase (AAT) catalyzes the intercorversion of D-alanine and oxoglutarate to pyruvate and D-glutamate.

Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (AROAT) catalyzes the intercorversion of aromatic amino acid and oxoglutarate to aromatic oxo acid and glutamate.

Lysine aminotransferase (LYSAT) catalyzes the intercorversion of lysine and oxoglutarate to aminoadipate semialdeyde and glutamate.

ArnB aminotransferase is a PLP-dependent aminotransferase in the pathway of biosynthesis of arabinose-4N lipid A^[4].

PseC aminotransferase is an aminotransferase in the pathway of biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid^[5].

WbpE aminotransferase is a PLP-dependent aminotransferase in the pathway of biosynthesis of Pseudomonas aerugingsa central carbohydrate^[6].

Relevance

Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are indicators of liver damage.

Structural highlights

The .^[7]

3D structures of aminotransferase

Aminotransferase 3D structures

References

↑ Mizuguchi H, Hayashi H, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Kagamiyama H. Characterization of histidinol phosphate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Apr 11;1647(1-2):321-4. PMID:12686152
↑ Kirsch JF, Eichele G, Ford GC, Vincent MG, Jansonius JN, Gehring H, Christen P. Mechanism of action of aspartate aminotransferase proposed on the basis of its spatial structure. J Mol Biol. 1984 Apr 15;174(3):497-525. PMID:6143829 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(84)90333-4
↑ Kirsch JF, Eichele G, Ford GC, Vincent MG, Jansonius JN, Gehring H, Christen P. Mechanism of action of aspartate aminotransferase proposed on the basis of its spatial structure. J Mol Biol. 1984 Apr 15;174(3):497-525. PMID:6143829 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(84)90333-4
↑ Lee M, Sousa MC. Structural Basis for Substrate Specificity in ArnB. A Key Enzyme in the Polymyxin Resistance Pathway of Gram-Negative Bacteria. Biochemistry. 2014 Feb 4;53(4):796-805. doi: 10.1021/bi4015677. Epub 2014 Jan 24. PMID:24460375 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi4015677
↑ Schoenhofen IC, Lunin VV, Julien JP, Li Y, Ajamian E, Matte A, Cygler M, Brisson JR, Aubry A, Logan SM, Bhatia S, Wakarchuk WW, Young NM. Structural and functional characterization of PseC, an aminotransferase involved in the biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid, an essential flagellar modification in Helicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 31;281(13):8907-16. Epub 2006 Jan 18. PMID:16421095 doi:10.1074/jbc.M512987200
↑ Larkin A, Olivier NB, Imperiali B. Structural Analysis of WbpE from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: A Nucleotide Sugar Aminotransferase Involved in O-Antigen Assembly . Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 28. PMID:20604544 doi:10.1021/bi100805b
↑ Haruyama K, Nakai T, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Mizuguchi H, Hayashi H, Kagamiyama H. Structures of Escherichia coli histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase and its complexes with histidinol-phosphate and N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-glutamate: double substrate recognition of the enzyme. Biochemistry. 2001 Apr 17;40(15):4633-44. PMID:11294630

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman, Jaime Prilusky

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Aminotransferase

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Contents

Function

Relevance

Structural highlights

3D structures of aminotransferase

References

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@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 '''Lysine aminotransferase''' (LYSAT) catalyzes the intercorversion of lysine and oxoglutarate to aminoadipate semialdeyde and glutamate.
+'''ArnB aminotransferase''' is a PLP-dependent aminotransferase in the pathway of biosynthesis of arabinose-4N lipid A<ref>PMID:24460375</ref>.
+'''PseC aminotransferase''' is an  aminotransferase in the pathway of biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid<ref>PMID:16421095</ref>.
+'''WbpE aminotransferase''' is a PLP-dependent aminotransferase in the pathway of biosynthesis of ''Pseudomonas aerugingsa'' central carbohydrate<ref>PMID:20604544</ref>.
+See also [[Journal:Acta Cryst F:S1744309112050270|Crystal structure of ADL1, a plant-specific homologue of the universal diaminopimelate amino transferase enzyme of lysine biosynthesis]].
 == Relevance ==
@@ Line 29: / Line 37: @@
 The <scene name='72/721044/Cv/3'>active site of histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase contains PLP</scene>.<ref>PMID:11294630</ref>
+==3D structures of aminotransferase==
+[[Aminotransferase 3D structures]]
 </StructureSection>
-==3D structures of aminotransferase==
-Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
-{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
-*Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase
-**[[1gew]], [[1iji]] – EcHPA + PLP – ''Escherichia coli'' <br />
-**[[1gey]], [[1fg7]] – EcHPA + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[1gex]], [[1fg3]] – EcHPA + PLP + histidinol-phosphate <br />
-**[[1uu0]] – TmHPA + phosphate – ''Thermotoga maritima''<br />
-**[[1uu1]] – TmHPA + PLP derivative + histidinol-phosphate <br />
-**[[1h1c]] – TmHPA + PLP  <br />
-**[[1uu2]], [[2f8j]] – TmHPA + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[3cq4]] – CgHPA – ''Corynebacterium glutamicum''<br />
-**[[3cq5]], [[3cq6]] – CgHPA + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[3ffh]] – HPA – ''Listeria innocua''<br />
-**[[3ftb]] – HPA + phosphate – ''Clostridium acetobutylicum''<br />
-**[[3hdo]] – HPA – ''Geobacter metallireducens''<br />
-**[[4rae]] – MtHPA – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
-**[[4r8d]], [[5c6u]] – MtHPA + PLP <br />
-*Ornithine aminotransferase
-**[[1oat]] – hOA + PLP – human <br />
-**[[1gbn]], [[2can]] – hOA + PLP + inhibitor <br />
-**[[2oat]] – hOA + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[2byj]], [[2byl]] – hOA (mutant) + PLP  <br />
-**[[5eav]] – TgOA – ''Toxoplasma gondii'' <br />
-**[[5eqc]], [[4zwm]] – TgOA + PLP <br />
-**[[5e5i]] – TgOA + inactivator <br />
-**[[5e3k]] – TgOA + pentanoic acid derivative <br />
-**[[5dj9]] – TgOA + gabaculine<br />
-*Acetylornithine aminotransferase
-**[[2ord]], [[2e54]] – TmACOAT + PLP  <br />
-**[[2eh6]] – ACOAT + PLP – ''Aquifex aeolicus'' <br />
-**[[3nx3]] – CjACOAT – ''Campylobacter jejuni'' <br />
-**[[5viu]] – ACOAT – ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' <br />
-**[[4jev]] – StACOAT + PLP derivative – ''Salmonella typhimurium'' <br />
-**[[4jey]] – StACOAT (mutant) + PLP <br />
-**[[4jf0]], [[4f01]] – StACOAT (mutant) + PLP derivative<br />
-**[[4jew]], [[4jex]], [[4jez]] – StACOAT (mutant) + canaline <br />
-*Succinylornithine aminotransferase
-**[[4ade]] – EcSOAT  <br />
-**[[4adb]], [[4adc]] – EcSOAT + PLP  <br />
-**[[4add]] – EcSOAT + PLP + succinylornithine <br />
-*[[Aspartate Aminotransferase]]
-*[[Phosphoserine aminotransferase]]
-*Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase
-**[[1h0c]], [[2yob]], [[5f9s]], [[5og0]] – hAGA + PLP  <br />
-**[[4cbr]], [[4cbs]], [[5ofy]], [[5luc]] – hAGA (mutant) + PLP  <br />
-**[[1j04]], [[5hhy]] – hAGA + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[4i8a]] – hAGA (mutant) + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[3r9a]] – hAGA + PLP derivative + peroxisomal targeting signal receptor<br />
-**[[4kxk]], [[4kyo]] – hAGA (mutant) + peroxisomal targeting signal receptor<br />
-**[[1vjo]] – AGA + PLP - Nostoc <br />
-**[[2huf]] – AaAGA + PLP derivative – ''Aedes aegypti''<br />
-**[[2hui]] – AaAGA + PLP derivative + glyoxylate<br />
-**[[2huu]] – AaAGA + PLP derivative + alanine<br />
-*D-amino acid aminotransferase
-**[[1a0g]] - BaAAT + PLP derivative – ''Bacillus''<br />
-**[[1daa]], [[4daa]] - BaAAT + PLP<br />
-**[[2dab]], [[1g2w]] - BaAAT (mutant) + PLP<br />
-**[[2daa]], [[3daa]] - BaAAT + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[5daa]] - BaAAT (mutant) + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[3lqs]] - BaAAT + thiophenecarboxylic acid<br />
-**[[4m0j]] - BtAAT – ''Burkholderia thailandensis''<br />
-**[[4tm5]] - BtAAT + PLP <br />
-*Branched chain amino acid aminotransferase
-**[[1ekf]], [[1ekp]], [[1ekv]] – hBCAT + PLP  <br />
-**[[2hdk]], [[2hgw]], [[2hgx]], [[2hhf]], [[5mpr]] – hBCAT (mutant) + PLP  <br />
-**[[1kt8]], [[1kta]] – hBCAT + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[2alh]], [[5bwr]], [[5bwt]], [[5bwu]], [[5bwv]], [[5bwx]], [[5bww]], [[5cr5]] – hBCAT + PLP + inhibitor <br />
-**[[5i60]], [[5i5y]], [[5i5x]], [[5i5w]], [[5i5v]], [[5i5u]], [[5i5t]], [[5i5s]], [[5hne]] – hBCAT + PLP + biaryl amide<br />
-**[[2hg8]] – hBCAT (mutant) + PLP + methylleucine <br />
-**[[4chi]] – AfBCAT + PLP – ''Aspergillus fumigatus'' <br />
-**[[4uug]] – AfBCAT + inhibitor <br />
-**[[4cmd]] – NhBCAT + PLP – ''Nectria haematococca''<br />
-**[[4cmf]] – NhBCAT + inhibitor <br />
-**[[5e25]] – BCAT + PLP + ketoglutarate – ''Geoglobus acetivorans'' <br />
-**[[5ce8]] – BCAT + PLP – ''Thermoproteus uzoniensis'' <br />
-**[[5u3f]] – MtBCAT + cycloserine <br />
-*Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase
-**[[1ay4]] – PdAROAT + PLP – ''Paracoccus dentrificans'' <br />
-**[[1ay5]] – PdAROAT + PLP + maleic acid <br />
-**[[1ay8]], [[1ay1]] – PdAROAT + PLP + cinnamic acid derivative<br />
-**[[2ay2]], [[2ay3]], [[2ay4]], [[2ay5]] – PdAROAT + PLP + propionic acid derivative<br />
-**[[2ay6]], [[2ay7]], [[2ay8]] – PdAROAT + PLP + butyric acid derivative<br />
-**[[2ay9]] – PdAROAT + PLP + valeric acid derivative<br />
-**[[4eff]] – BpAROAT – ''Burkholderia pseudomallei''<br />
-**[[4f4e]] – BpAROAT + PLP derivative<br />
-**[[4rkc]] – PsAROAT + PLP derivative - ''Psychrobacter''<br />
-**[[4rkd]] – PsAROAT + PLP derivative + PLP<br />
-*Tyrosine aminotransferase
-**[[3tat]] – EcTYRAT + PLP  <br />
-**[[3fsl]] – EcTYRAT (mutant) + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[1bw0]] – TYRAT + PLP derivative – ''Trypanosoma cruzi''<br />
-**[[3dyd]] – hTYRAT + PLP  <br />
-**[[3pdx]] – mTYRAT + PLP derivative – mouse<br />
-**[[4ix8]] – TYRAT + PLP derivative – ''Leishmania infantum''<br />
-*Tryptophan aminotransferase
-**[[3bwn]], [[3bwo]] – TRYAT + PLP derivative – ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' <br />
-*Beta-phenylalanine aminotransferase
-**[[4ao9]] – VpPHEAT + PLP – ''Variovorax paradoxus'' <br />
-**[[4aoa]] – VpPHEAT + PLP derivative <br />
-*Alanine aminotransferase
-**[[3ihj]] – hALAAT 2 + PLP <br />
-**[[3tcm]] – ALAAT 2 (mutant) + PLP derivative - barley<br />
-*Glutamine aminotransferase
-**[[1v2d]] – TtGLNAT + PLP – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
-**[[1v2e]] – TtGLNAT + PLP + keto-methylthiobutyrate<br />
-**[[1v2f]] – TtGLNAT + PLP + phenylpropionate<br />
-*Lysine aminotransferase
-**[[2cin]] – MtLYSAT + PLP <br />
-**[[2jje]] – MtLYSAT (mutant) + PLP <br />
-**[[2jjf]] – MtLYSAT (mutant) <br />
-**[[2cjd]] – MtLYSAT + PLP + lysine<br />
-**[[2jjg]] – MtLYSAT + PLP + inhibitor<br />
-**[[2cjg]] – MtLYSAT + PLP derivative<br />
-**[[2cjh]] – MtLYSAT + PLP + oxoglutarate<br />
-**[[2jjh]] – MtLYSAT (mutant) + PLP + oxoglutarate<br />
-*Gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase
-**[[1sf2]] – EcGABA + PLP  <br />
-**[[1sff]] – EcGABA + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[1szk]], [[1szs]], [[1szu]] – EcGABA (mutant) + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[3r4t]] – GABA + PLP derivative – ''Mycobacterium marinum''<br />
-**[[4ffc]] – GABA + PLP derivative – ''Mycobacterium abscessus''<br />
-**[[4zsy]], [[4zsw]], [[4y0i]], [[4y0h]], [[4y0d]], [[6b6g]] – GABA + inactivator - pig <br />
-*ArnB aminotransferase
-**[[1mdo]] - StArnB + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[1mdx]] – StArnB + PLP + oxoglutarate<br />
-**[[1mdz]] – StArnB + PLP + PLP derivative<br />
-*PseC aminotransferase
-**[[2fni]] - HpPseC + PLP – Helicobacter pylori<br />
-**[[2fn6]] - HpPseC + phosphate<br />
-**[[2fnu]] - HpPseC + PLP derivative + uridine derivative <br />
-**[[3hbm]] - CjPseC (mutant)<br />
-**[[3hbn]] - CjPseC (mutant) + UDP<br />
-*TlmJ aminotransferase
-**[[5uid]] - TlmJ + PLP – ''Streptoalloteichus hindustanus''<br />
-*WbpE aminotransferase
-**[[3nu7]], [[3nu8]], [[3nub]], [[3nyu]] - PaWbpE + PLP derivative – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
-**[[3nys]] - PaWbpE (mutant) + PLP <br />
-**[[3nyt]] - PaWbpE (mutant) + PLP derivative<br />
-*Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase
-**[[2egy]], [[5eun]] - TtAADAT + PLP <br />
-**[[3cbf]], [[2zyj]] - TtAADAT + PLP derivative<br />
-**[[2zp7]], [[2z1y]] - TtAADAT + PLP + leucine<br />
-**[[4je5]] - AADAT + PLP derivative + PLP - yeast<br />
-*Broad specificity aminotransferase
-**[[4wb0]] - BsAT – Leishmania mexicana<br />
-*Adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase
-**[[4w1x]], [[4w1w]], [[4w1v]], [[4xjl]], [[4xjm]], [[4xjo]], [[4xjp]], [[4wya]], [[4wyc]], [[4wyd]], [[4wye]], [[4wyf]], [[4wyg]], [[4xew]] - MtDAPA + PLP  + inhibitor<br />
-**[[4mqr]], [[4mqq]], [[4mqp]] - MtDAPA + inhibitor<br />
-**[[5uc7]] - DAPA + PLP derivative – ''Citrobacter rodentium''<br />
-**[[5te2]] - MbDAPA + inhibitor – ''Mycobacterium bovis''<br />
-**[[5kgs]], [[5kgt]] - MbDAPA + PLP + inhibitor<br />
-*Putrescine aminotransferase
-**[[4uoy]] - EcPAT + PLP <br />
-**[[4uox]] - EcPAT + PLP + putrescine<br />
-*Omega amino acid-pyruvate aminotransferase
-**[[4uho]], [[4uhn]], [[4uhm]] - PaOAAT + PLP <br />
-*C-6’ aminotransferase
-**[[6cbo]] - AT – ''Micromonospora echinospora'' <br />
-*Kynurenine aminotransferase
-**[[5veh]] – AaKAT + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[5vep]], [[5veq]], [[5ver]] – mKAT 3 + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[4wlh]], [[4wlj]] – hKAT 1 + PLP derivative <br />
-**[[5efs]] – hKAT 2 <br />
-**[[5tf5]] – hKAT 2 + PLP derivative + inhibitor<br />
-*Aminotransferase class III
-**[[5ghg]], [[5ghf]] – AT3 + PLP derivative – ''Orchrobactrum anthropi''<br />
-**[[5m46]] – RfAT3 + PLP – ''Rhizobium freirei''<br />
-**[[5m49]] – RfAT3 + PLP + azepan derivative<br />
-**[[5m4b]], [[5m4d]] – RfAT3 (mutant) + azepan derivative<br />
-**[[5d95]] – AT3 + PLP derivative – ''Sphaerobacter thermophilus''<br />
-*Aminotransferase class IV
-**[[4tvi]] – AT4 + PLP derivative – ''Brucella abortus''<br />
-}}
 == References ==
 <references/>
 [[Category:Topic Page]]