Molecular Playground/Insulin

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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='User:Whitney_Stoppel/sandbox1/Human_insulin2/1' caption='Human insulin chain A (grey) and chain B (green), [[3i40]]'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='User:Whitney_Stoppel/sandbox1/Human_insulin2/1' caption='Human insulin chain A (grey) and chain B (green), [[3i40]]'>
[[Image:InsulinHexamer.jpg|200px|left]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
[[Image:InsulinHexamer.jpg|200px|left]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''איסולין''' הוא הורמון המפקח על המטבוליזם של פחמימות ומאגרי הסוכר בגוף האדם. הגוף מסוגל לחוש את ריכוז הסוכר בדם ומגיב בהפרשת איסולין.
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'''Insulin''' is a hormone that controls [[Carbohydrate Metabolism|carbohydrate metabolism]] and storage in the human body<ref>PMID:10927996</ref>. The body is able to sense the concentration of glucose in the blood and respond by secreting insulin, which is produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Synthesis of human insulin in ''E. coli'' is important to producing insulin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. '''Proinsulin''' (Pins) is processed by several proteases in the Golgi apparatus to form insulin which is shorter by 35 amino acids<ref>PMID:15289650</ref>. Shortened B chain insulin analogues are: DPI is a monomeric des-pentapeptide (B26-B30) Ins analogue<ref>PMID:14979729</ref>. DTRI is a monomeric des-tripeptide (B28-B30) Ins analogue. DHPI is for des-heptapeptide (B24-B30) Ins. '''Leginsulin''' (LIns) is a legume Ins.
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המיוצר בתאי בטא שבלבלב
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סינטזה של אינסולין הומני בחיידק E. coli הוא חשוב לייצור אינסולין לצורך טיפול בסוכרת שלב 1. '''פרואינסולין''' מעובד בתאי הגולג'י לייצר
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is a hormone that controls [[Carbohydrate Metabolism|carbohydrate metabolism]]
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Synthesis of human insulin in ''E. coli'' is important to producing insulin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. '''Proinsulin''' (Pins) is processed by several proteases in the Golgi apparatus to form insulin which is shorter by 35 amino acids<ref>PMID:15289650</ref>. Shortened B chain insulin analogues are: DPI is a monomeric des-pentapeptide (B26-B30) Ins analogue<ref>PMID:14979729</ref>. DTRI is a monomeric des-tripeptide (B28-B30) Ins analogue. DHPI is for des-heptapeptide (B24-B30) Ins. '''Leginsulin''' (LIns) is a legume Ins.
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Insulin is made up of two pieces called the A- and B-chain, shown in grey and green respectively. These two chains are joined by disulfide bonds, which are shown in yellow. This single piece made up of the A- and B-chains is the active form of the insulin hormone. This is the form that binds the insulin receptor on fat or muscle cells in the body, singling them to take up glucose, or sugar, from the blood and save it for later.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Insulin is made up of two pieces called the A- and B-chain, shown in grey and green respectively. These two chains are joined by disulfide bonds, which are shown in yellow. This single piece made up of the A- and B-chains is the active form of the insulin hormone. This is the form that binds the insulin receptor on fat or muscle cells in the body, singling them to take up glucose, or sugar, from the blood and save it for later.

Revision as of 12:57, 3 July 2017

One of the CBI Molecules being studied in the University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program at UMass Amherst in the Roberts Research Group and on display at the Molecular Playground.

Human insulin chain A (grey) and chain B (green), 3i40

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate
For additional details see

Insulin Structure & Function
Diabetes & Hypoglycemia
Insulin (Hebrew)
Insulin mo-or-sl (Hebrew).


3D structures of Insulin

(Updated on 03-July-2017)

References

  1. ↑ Sonksen P, Sonksen J. Insulin: understanding its action in health and disease. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Jul;85(1):69-79. PMID:10927996
  2. ↑ Davidson HW. (Pro)Insulin processing: a historical perspective. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2004;40(3 Suppl):143-58. PMID:15289650
  3. ↑ Zakova L, Barth T, Jiracek J, Barthova J, Zorad S. Shortened insulin analogues: marked changes in biological activity resulting from replacement of TyrB26 and N-methylation of peptide bonds in the C-terminus of the B-chain. Biochemistry. 2004 Mar 2;43(8):2323-31. PMID:14979729 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi036001w



Additional Resources

For additional information, see: Diabetes & Hypoglycemia

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