| Structural highlights
Function
[PSA1_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction in the macrophage proteasome (By similarity). Might be involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages during the interaction with C.albicans heat-inactivated cells (By similarity). [PSB2_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit has a trypsin-like activity. [PSA4_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSA3_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Binds to the C-terminus of CDKN1A and thereby mediates its degradation. Negatively regulates the membrane trafficking of the cell-surface thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) isoform 2.[1] [2] [PSB7_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the trypsin-like activity. [PSA2_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PSMA2 may have a potential regulatory effect on another component(s) of the proteasome complex through tyrosine phosphorylation. [PSB5_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. Plays a role in the protection against oxidative damage through the Nrf2-ARE pathway (By similarity). [PSB4_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal macrophage proteasome (By similarity). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1.[3] [PSB6_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the peptidyl glutamyl-like activity. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. [PSA6_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSA7_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation or cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, immune and stress response, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Interacts with some important proteins involved in transcription factor regulation, cell cycle transition, viral replication and even tumor initiation and progression. Inhibits the transactivation function of HIF-1A under both normoxic and hypoxia-mimicking conditions. The interaction with EMAP2 increases the proteasome-mediated HIF-1A degradation under the hypoxic conditions. Plays a role in hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mediates nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) and thereby enhances androgen-mediated transactivation. Promotes MAVS degradation and thereby negatively regulates MAVS-mediated innate immune response.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [PSB3_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSB1_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSA5_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The proteasome is a highly regulated protease complex fundamental for cell homeostasis and controlled cell cycle progression. It functions by removing a wide range of specifically tagged proteins, including key cellular regulators. Here we present the structure of the human 20S proteasome core bound to a substrate analogue inhibitor molecule, determined by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis at a resolution of around 3.5 A. Our map allows the building of protein coordinates as well as defining the location and conformation of the inhibitor at the different active sites. These results open new prospects to tackle the proteasome functional mechanisms. Moreover, they also further demonstrate that cryo-EM is emerging as a realistic approach for general structural studies of protein-ligand interactions.
Cryo-EM reveals the conformation of a substrate analogue in the human 20S proteasome core.,da Fonseca PC, Morris EP Nat Commun. 2015 Jul 2;6:7573. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8573. PMID:26133119[9]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Touitou R, Richardson J, Bose S, Nakanishi M, Rivett J, Allday MJ. A degradation signal located in the C-terminus of p21WAF1/CIP1 is a binding site for the C8 alpha-subunit of the 20S proteasome. EMBO J. 2001 May 15;20(10):2367-75. PMID:11350925 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.10.2367
- ↑ Sasaki M, Sukegawa J, Miyosawa K, Yanagisawa T, Ohkubo S, Nakahata N. Low expression of cell-surface thromboxane A2 receptor beta-isoform through the negative regulation of its membrane traffic by proteasomes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2007 Jun;83(4):237-49. Epub 2006 Dec 27. PMID:17499743 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.12.001
- ↑ Lin Y, Martin J, Gruendler C, Farley J, Meng X, Li BY, Lechleider R, Huff C, Kim RH, Grasser WA, Paralkar V, Wang T. A novel link between the proteasome pathway and the signal transduction pathway of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMC Cell Biol. 2002 Jun 21;3:15. PMID:12097147
- ↑ Cho S, Choi YJ, Kim JM, Jeong ST, Kim JH, Kim SH, Ryu SE. Binding and regulation of HIF-1alpha by a subunit of the proteasome complex, PSMA7. FEBS Lett. 2001 Jun 1;498(1):62-6. PMID:11389899
- ↑ Kruger M, Beger C, Welch PJ, Barber JR, Manns MP, Wong-Staal F. Involvement of proteasome alpha-subunit PSMA7 in hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Dec;21(24):8357-64. PMID:11713272 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.24.8357-8364.2001
- ↑ Lin HK, Altuwaijri S, Lin WJ, Kan PY, Collins LL, Chang C. Proteasome activity is required for androgen receptor transcriptional activity via regulation of androgen receptor nuclear translocation and interaction with coregulators in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):36570-6. Epub 2002 Jul 15. PMID:12119296 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M204751200
- ↑ Du H, Huang X, Wang S, Wu Y, Xu W, Li M. PSMA7, a potential biomarker of diseases. Protein Pept Lett. 2009;16(5):486-9. PMID:19442227
- ↑ Jia Y, Song T, Wei C, Ni C, Zheng Z, Xu Q, Ma H, Li L, Zhang Y, He X, Xu Y, Shi W, Zhong H. Negative regulation of MAVS-mediated innate immune response by PSMA7. J Immunol. 2009 Oct 1;183(7):4241-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901646. Epub 2009 Sep, 4. PMID:19734229 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901646
- ↑ da Fonseca PC, Morris EP. Cryo-EM reveals the conformation of a substrate analogue in the human 20S proteasome core. Nat Commun. 2015 Jul 2;6:7573. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8573. PMID:26133119 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8573
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