5a5b

Structural highlights

Function

[RPN13_YEAST] Component of the 19S cap proteasome complex which acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome, involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.^{[1] [2]} [RPN10_YEAST] Multiubiquitin binding protein. [PRS10_YEAST] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). [PSB7_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PRE3 and PRE4 are necessary for the peptidyl-glutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity.^[3] [RPN6_YEAST] Component of the lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In the complex, RPN6 is required for proteasome assembly.^{[4] [5] [6]} [PSB2_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PRS7_YEAST] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). [PSB1_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PRE3 and PRE4 are necessary for the peptidyl-glutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity. This subunit is necessary for the peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing activity. [PRS4_YEAST] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). Has ATPase activity. [RPN8_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.^[7] [PSA7_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [RPN7_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins (By similarity). [RPN5_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.^[8] [RPN3_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PSA5_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PRS6B_YEAST] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). [RPN9_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PSA1_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [RPN11_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.^[9] [RPN1_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.^[10] [PSA2_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PRS6A_YEAST] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). [PSA4_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [RPN2_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.^[11] [RPN12_YEAST] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Necessary for activation of the CDC28 kinase. [PSB6_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSB3_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit may participate in the trypsin-like activity of the enzyme complex. [UBC_HUMAN] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.^{[12] [13]} [PSA3_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSA6_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [UBP6_YEAST] Predominant proteasome-associated deubiquitinase which releases ubiquitin from the proteasome targeted ubiquitinated proteins. Ensures the regeneration of ubiquitin at the proteasome. Has proteasome-inhibitory activity and delays the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins to provide a time window allowing gradual deubiquitination of the substrate. Stabilizes the association of HUL5 with proteasomes and works in opposition to polyubiquitin elongation activity of HUL5.^{[14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]} [PSB4_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit has a chymotrypsin-like activity. [SEM1_YEAST] Versatile protein that might stabilize multiple protein complexes involved in diverse pathways. Subunit of the 26S proteasome which plays a role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Associates also with the TREX-2 complex that is required for transcription-coupled mRNA export, and the COP9 signalosome, which is involved in deneddylation.^{[20] [21]} [PRS8_YEAST] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). [PSB5_YEAST] The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. This subunit is necessary for chymotryptic activity and degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.

See Also

• Proteasome 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Fischer M, Hilt W, Richter-Ruoff B, Gonen H, Ciechanover A, Wolf DH. The 26S proteasome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 1994 Nov 21;355(1):69-75. PMID:7957966
2. ↑ Verma R, Chen S, Feldman R, Schieltz D, Yates J, Dohmen J, Deshaies RJ. Proteasomal proteomics: identification of nucleotide-sensitive proteasome-interacting proteins by mass spectrometric analysis of affinity-purified proteasomes. Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Oct;11(10):3425-39. PMID:11029046
3. ↑ Hilt W, Enenkel C, Gruhler A, Singer T, Wolf DH. The PRE4 gene codes for a subunit of the yeast proteasome necessary for peptidylglutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity. Mutations link the proteasome to stress- and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 15;268(5):3479-86. PMID:8381431
4. ↑ Saito A, Watanabe TK, Shimada Y, Fujiwara T, Slaughter CA, DeMartino GN, Tanahashi N, Tanaka K. cDNA cloning and functional analysis of p44.5 and p55, two regulatory subunits of the 26S proteasome. Gene. 1997 Dec 12;203(2):241-50. PMID:9426256
5. ↑ Santamaria PG, Finley D, Ballesta JP, Remacha M. Rpn6p, a proteasome subunit from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is essential for the assembly and activity of the 26 S proteasome. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):6687-95. Epub 2002 Dec 16. PMID:12486135 doi:10.1074/jbc.M209420200
6. ↑ Isono E, Saito N, Kamata N, Saeki Y, Toh-E A. Functional analysis of Rpn6p, a lid component of the 26 S proteasome, using temperature-sensitive rpn6 mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 25;280(8):6537-47. Epub 2004 Dec 15. PMID:15611133 doi:10.1074/jbc.M409364200
7. ↑ Glickman MH, Rubin DM, Fried VA, Finley D. The regulatory particle of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3149-62. PMID:9584156
8. ↑ Saito A, Watanabe TK, Shimada Y, Fujiwara T, Slaughter CA, DeMartino GN, Tanahashi N, Tanaka K. cDNA cloning and functional analysis of p44.5 and p55, two regulatory subunits of the 26S proteasome. Gene. 1997 Dec 12;203(2):241-50. PMID:9426256
9. ↑ Chen L, Romero L, Chuang SM, Tournier V, Joshi KK, Lee JA, Kovvali G, Madura K. Sts1 plays a key role in targeting proteasomes to the nucleus. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 28;286(4):3104-18. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.135863. Epub 2010 , Nov 12. PMID:21075847 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.135863
10. ↑ Glickman MH, Rubin DM, Fried VA, Finley D. The regulatory particle of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3149-62. PMID:9584156
11. ↑ Glickman MH, Rubin DM, Fried VA, Finley D. The regulatory particle of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3149-62. PMID:9584156
12. ↑ Huang F, Kirkpatrick D, Jiang X, Gygi S, Sorkin A. Differential regulation of EGF receptor internalization and degradation by multiubiquitination within the kinase domain. Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 17;21(6):737-48. PMID:16543144 doi:S1097-2765(06)00120-1
13. ↑ Komander D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):937-53. doi: 10.1042/BST0370937. PMID:19754430 doi:10.1042/BST0370937
14. ↑ Park KC, Woo SK, Yoo YJ, Wyndham AM, Baker RT, Chung CH. Purification and characterization of UBP6, a new ubiquitin-specific protease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Nov 1;347(1):78-84. PMID:9344467 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1997.0311
15. ↑ Layfield R, Franklin K, Landon M, Walker G, Wang P, Ramage R, Brown A, Love S, Urquhart K, Muir T, Baker R, Mayer RJ. Chemically synthesized ubiquitin extension proteins detect distinct catalytic capacities of deubiquitinating enzymes. Anal Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;274(1):40-9. PMID:10527495 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4234
16. ↑ Leggett DS, Hanna J, Borodovsky A, Crosas B, Schmidt M, Baker RT, Walz T, Ploegh H, Finley D. Multiple associated proteins regulate proteasome structure and function. Mol Cell. 2002 Sep;10(3):495-507. PMID:12408819
17. ↑ Guterman A, Glickman MH. Complementary roles for Rpn11 and Ubp6 in deubiquitination and proteolysis by the proteasome. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 16;279(3):1729-38. Epub 2003 Oct 27. PMID:14581483 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M307050200
18. ↑ Hanna J, Hathaway NA, Tone Y, Crosas B, Elsasser S, Kirkpatrick DS, Leggett DS, Gygi SP, King RW, Finley D. Deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp6 functions noncatalytically to delay proteasomal degradation. Cell. 2006 Oct 6;127(1):99-111. PMID:17018280 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.038
19. ↑ Crosas B, Hanna J, Kirkpatrick DS, Zhang DP, Tone Y, Hathaway NA, Buecker C, Leggett DS, Schmidt M, King RW, Gygi SP, Finley D. Ubiquitin chains are remodeled at the proteasome by opposing ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinating activities. Cell. 2006 Dec 29;127(7):1401-13. PMID:17190603 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.051
20. ↑ Faza MB, Kemmler S, Jimeno S, Gonzalez-Aguilera C, Aguilera A, Hurt E, Panse VG. Sem1 is a functional component of the nuclear pore complex-associated messenger RNA export machinery. J Cell Biol. 2009 Mar 23;184(6):833-46. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200810059. Epub 2009 Mar, 16. PMID:19289793 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200810059
21. ↑ Sone T, Saeki Y, Toh-e A, Yokosawa H. Sem1p is a novel subunit of the 26 S proteasome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 2;279(27):28807-16. Epub 2004 Apr 26. PMID:15117943 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M403165200
22. ↑ Aufderheide A, Beck F, Stengel F, Hartwig M, Schweitzer A, Pfeifer G, Goldberg AL, Sakata E, Baumeister W, Forster F. Structural characterization of the interaction of Ubp6 with the 26S proteasome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jul 14;112(28):8626-31. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1510449112. Epub 2015 Jun 30. PMID:26130806 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510449112