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Transmembrane (cell surface) receptors

See also Membrane proteins.

Ion channel-linked (ionotropic) receptors

These receptors are typically the targets of fast neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (nicotinic) and GABA; activation of these receptors results in changes in ion movement across a membrane.

• Ionotropic receptors

G protein-linked (metabotropic) receptors

This is the largest family of receptors and includes the receptors for several hormones and slow transmitters(dopamine, metabotropic glutamate). They are composed of seven transmembrane alpha helices. The loops connecting the alpha helices form extracellular and intracellular domains. The binding-site for larger peptide ligands is usually located in the extracellular domain whereas the binding site for smaller non-peptide ligands is often located between the seven alpha helices and one extracellular loop. These receptors are coupled to different intracellular effector systems via G proteins

• G protein-coupled receptors

Kinase-linked, enzyme-linked and related receptors

Receptor tyrosine kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases. They are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Approximately 20 different RTK classes have been identified.^[1]

• RTK class I Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor family
• RTK class II Insulin receptor family
• RTK class III Platelet-derived growth factor receptor family
• RTK class IV Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor family
• RTK class V Fibroblast growth factor receptor family
• RTK class VIII Hepatocyte growth factor receptor family
• RTK class IX Ephrin receptor family
• RTK class XIII Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor (DDR receptor) family
• Neurotrophin: High affinity nerve growth factor receptor (or Tyrosine kinase receptor) and TrkB tyrosine kinase receptor
• Insulin-like growth factor receptor

Enzyme-linked receptor

Immune receptors

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors

• Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor

Cytokine receptors

TNF receptor superfamily

• Tumor necrosis factor receptor
  • TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) or TNF ligand superfamily 10

Colony-stimulating factor receptor

Type I cytokine receptors

• Erythropoietin receptor
• Prolactin receptor

Type II cytokine receptors

Interferon receptors

• Interferon receptor
• Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons
• Multiple sclerosis and Interferon Receptors

Interleukin receptors

• Interleukin receptor

Interleukin-20 receptor:

• Flexible regions govern promiscuous binding of IL-24 to receptors IL-20R1 and IL-22R1

Chemokine receptors, two of which acting as binding proteins for HIV (CXCR4 and CCR5). They are G protein-coupled receptors

T-cell receptors

• T-cell receptor
• SP3.4-TCR-HLA-DQ8-α-1-gliadin complex

TGF-beta receptor

• TGF-beta receptor

LDL receptor

• LDL receptor

Transferrin receptor

• Transferrin receptor

Intracellular receptors

Signal recognition particle receptor

• Signal recognition particle receptor

Receptor for activated C kinase 1

• Receptor for activated protein kinase C 1

Nuclear receptors

• Nuclear receptors

Endoplasmic reticulum/Sarcoplasmic reticulum receptors

Ligand-gated Calcium channels

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor

Ryanodine receptor

SEE ALSO:

• Hormone
• Growth factors
• Neurotransmitters