Sandbox Reserved 486
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== Histroy == | == Histroy == | ||
Scientist have made efforts since at least the 1740's to find the caustion and cure for '''diphtheria toxin'''. It wasn't until Koch's devolpment of medical microbiology and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch's_postulates Koch's postulates] that it was even possible for progression towards understanding the molecular causes. It was later in Koch's laboratory that Friedrich Loeffler isolated a bacteria from a patient that died from '''Diphtheria toxin'''. Koch and Friedrich later inoculated 23 guinea pigs with the isolated bacteria and they all died in two to five days. Loeffler had another observation that only the isolated bacteria from the pigs were growing at the site of inoculation. Therefore, he came to the conclusion that the bacteria isolated was the causation of the '''Diphtheria toxin'''. In Pasture institute in Paris, both Emile Roux and Alexandre Yersin were able to isolate the toxin by growing a pure culture of ''Diphtheria bacilli'' and forcing them through a porcelain filter. This allowed to obtain no bacteria and only the toxin. The toxin was injected into laboratory animals and caused the same symptoms of ''Diphtheria bacilli''. It wasn't until sixty-five years later that protein crystals were produced and the structure obtained. Emil von Behring published a paper with the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin one week after Koch found out the resistance gained by vaccination from ''Diphtheria bacilli''. This lead to elimination of the disease diphtheria in developing countries. | Scientist have made efforts since at least the 1740's to find the caustion and cure for '''diphtheria toxin'''. It wasn't until Koch's devolpment of medical microbiology and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch's_postulates Koch's postulates] that it was even possible for progression towards understanding the molecular causes. It was later in Koch's laboratory that Friedrich Loeffler isolated a bacteria from a patient that died from '''Diphtheria toxin'''. Koch and Friedrich later inoculated 23 guinea pigs with the isolated bacteria and they all died in two to five days. Loeffler had another observation that only the isolated bacteria from the pigs were growing at the site of inoculation. Therefore, he came to the conclusion that the bacteria isolated was the causation of the '''Diphtheria toxin'''. In Pasture institute in Paris, both Emile Roux and Alexandre Yersin were able to isolate the toxin by growing a pure culture of ''Diphtheria bacilli'' and forcing them through a porcelain filter. This allowed to obtain no bacteria and only the toxin. The toxin was injected into laboratory animals and caused the same symptoms of ''Diphtheria bacilli''. It wasn't until sixty-five years later that protein crystals were produced and the structure obtained. Emil von Behring published a paper with the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin one week after Koch found out the resistance gained by vaccination from ''Diphtheria bacilli''. This lead to elimination of the disease diphtheria in developing countries. | ||
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Von Behring received a Nobel Prize for the antitoxin which later would be known as antibodies against '''Diphtheria toxin'''. The next vaccine made was one mixed of toxin and antitoxin. The antitoxin relieved the harmful effects of the toxin which was the real vaccine. This was later replaced in 1923 with a vaccine of a formaldehyde-treated Diphtheria toxin. Today in developing countries people get routine vaccinations so that diphtheria is unknown. | Von Behring received a Nobel Prize for the antitoxin which later would be known as antibodies against '''Diphtheria toxin'''. The next vaccine made was one mixed of toxin and antitoxin. The antitoxin relieved the harmful effects of the toxin which was the real vaccine. This was later replaced in 1923 with a vaccine of a formaldehyde-treated Diphtheria toxin. Today in developing countries people get routine vaccinations so that diphtheria is unknown. | ||
Revision as of 22:08, 30 April 2012
| This Sandbox is Reserved from 13/03/2012, through 01/06/2012 for use in the course "Proteins and Molecular Mechanisms" taught by Robert B. Rose at the North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA. This reservation includes Sandbox Reserved 451 through Sandbox Reserved 500. |
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More help: Help:Editing For more help, look at this link: http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Help:Getting_Started_in_Proteopedia Diphtheria toxinDiphtheria Toxin is an exotoxin produced by the organism Corynebcterium diphtheria which has been infected by a bacteriophage that contains the Diphtheria toxin gene. It attacks and kills eukaryotic cells by inactivating the Elongation factor (EF-2) in translation. EF-2 allows for translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site, which in turn frees the A site for another aminoacyl-tRNA to bind. By inactivating the elongation factor during translation the protein being made cannot be completed and therefore becomes nonfunctional. HistroyScientist have made efforts since at least the 1740's to find the caustion and cure for diphtheria toxin. It wasn't until Koch's devolpment of medical microbiology and Koch's postulates that it was even possible for progression towards understanding the molecular causes. It was later in Koch's laboratory that Friedrich Loeffler isolated a bacteria from a patient that died from Diphtheria toxin. Koch and Friedrich later inoculated 23 guinea pigs with the isolated bacteria and they all died in two to five days. Loeffler had another observation that only the isolated bacteria from the pigs were growing at the site of inoculation. Therefore, he came to the conclusion that the bacteria isolated was the causation of the Diphtheria toxin. In Pasture institute in Paris, both Emile Roux and Alexandre Yersin were able to isolate the toxin by growing a pure culture of Diphtheria bacilli and forcing them through a porcelain filter. This allowed to obtain no bacteria and only the toxin. The toxin was injected into laboratory animals and caused the same symptoms of Diphtheria bacilli. It wasn't until sixty-five years later that protein crystals were produced and the structure obtained. Emil von Behring published a paper with the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin one week after Koch found out the resistance gained by vaccination from Diphtheria bacilli. This lead to elimination of the disease diphtheria in developing countries.
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