User:Karsten Theis/Insulin
From Proteopedia
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==Disease== | ==Disease== | ||
| - | Synthesis of human insulin in ''E. coli'' is important to producing insulin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. It is believed that the hydrophobic sections on the B-chain cause insulin aggregation which initially caused problems in the manufacture and storage of insulin for [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Treatments|pharmaceutical use]]. | + | In patients with diabetes, insulin signalling is compromised<ref>https://www.endotext.org/section/diabetes/</ref>. Synthesis of human insulin in ''E. coli'' is important to producing insulin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. It is believed that the hydrophobic sections on the B-chain cause insulin aggregation which initially caused problems in the manufacture and storage of insulin for [[Pharmaceutical_Drugs#Treatments|pharmaceutical use]]. |
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
Revision as of 16:28, 10 July 2019
Insulin is a peptide hormone that controls carbohydrate metabolism and storage in the human body[1][2]. It is secreted by specialized cells in the pancreas, enters the bloodstream and reaches other cells. There, it binds to the extracellular side of the insulin receptor, triggering tyrosine kinase activity within the target cell, which in turn regulates glucose uptake, metabolism and storage.
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Function
The body is able to sense the concentration of glucose in the blood and respond by secreting insulin, which is produced by beta cells in the pancreas.
Disease
In patients with diabetes, insulin signalling is compromised[3]. Synthesis of human insulin in E. coli is important to producing insulin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. It is believed that the hydrophobic sections on the B-chain cause insulin aggregation which initially caused problems in the manufacture and storage of insulin for pharmaceutical use.
Structure
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References
- ↑ Sonksen P, Sonksen J. Insulin: understanding its action in health and disease. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Jul;85(1):69-79. PMID:10927996
- ↑ Weiss MA, Lawrence MC. A thing of beauty: Structure and function of insulin's "aromatic triplet". Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Sep;20 Suppl 2:51-63. doi: 10.1111/dom.13402. PMID:30230175 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.13402
- ↑ https://www.endotext.org/section/diabetes/
- ↑ Davidson HW. (Pro)Insulin processing: a historical perspective. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2004;40(3 Suppl):143-58. PMID:15289650
