Glucagon

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== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
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Glucagon is injected in cases of severe glycemia<ref>PMID:15793249</ref>. It has to be reconstituted from lyophilized glucagon because in solution it quickly aggregates to form insoluble fibrils, see [[6NZN]]<ref>PMID:31235909</ref>. Overdose of β blockers is treated with GLCas well as cases of Epinephrin-resistant low blood pressure. Pancreatic tumors may cause high levels of GLC.
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Glucagon is injected in cases of severe glycemia<ref>PMID:15793249</ref>. It has to be reconstituted from lyophilized glucagon because in solution it quickly aggregates to form <scene name='46/460279/Fibrill/1'>insoluble fibrils</scene><ref>PMID:31235909</ref>. Overdose of β blockers is treated with GLCas well as cases of Epinephrin-resistant low blood pressure. Pancreatic tumors may cause high levels of GLC.
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== 3D Structures of glucagon ==
== 3D Structures of glucagon ==

Revision as of 20:41, 13 July 2019

Structure of human glucagon (PDB entry 1bh0)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

3D Structures of glucagon

Updated on 13-July-2019

1gcn - hGLC - human
1bh0 - hGLC (mutant)
1kx6, 2m5p, 2m5q, 6nzn – hGLC - NMR
1nau – hGLC (mutant) – NMR
5yqz - GLC (analog) bound to receptor
2g49, 6eds – hGLC preprotein residues 53-81+ insulin-degrading enzyme

References

  1. ↑ Ramnanan CJ, Edgerton DS, Kraft G, Cherrington AD. Physiologic action of glucagon on liver glucose metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Oct;13 Suppl 1:118-25. doi:, 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x. PMID:21824265 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x
  2. ↑ Zhang H, Qiao A, Yang L, Van Eps N, Frederiksen KS, Yang D, Dai A, Cai X, Zhang H, Yi C, Cao C, He L, Yang H, Lau J, Ernst OP, Hanson MA, Stevens RC, Wang MW, Reedtz-Runge S, Jiang H, Zhao Q, Wu B. Structure of the glucagon receptor in complex with a glucagon analogue. Nature. 2018 Jan 3;553(7686):106-110. doi: 10.1038/nature25153. PMID:29300013 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature25153
  3. ↑ Heptulla RA, Rodriguez LM, Bomgaars L, Haymond MW. The role of amylin and glucagon in the dampening of glycemic excursions in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005 Apr;54(4):1100-7. PMID:15793249
  4. ↑ Gelenter MD, Smith KJ, Liao SY, Mandala VS, Dregni AJ, Lamm MS, Tian Y, Xu W, Pochan DJ, Tucker TJ, Su Y, Hong M. The peptide hormone glucagon forms amyloid fibrils with two coexisting beta-strand conformations. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2019 Jul;26(7):592-598. doi: 10.1038/s41594-019-0238-6. Epub, 2019 Jun 24. PMID:31235909 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41594-019-0238-6

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Michal Harel, Karsten Theis, Ann Taylor

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