| Structural highlights
Disease
[SORT_HUMAN] Note=A common polymorphism located in a non-coding region between CELSR2 and PSRC1 alters a CEBP transcription factor binding site and is responsible for changes in hepatic expression of SORT1. Altered SORT1 expression in liver affects low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in plasma and is associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction.
Function
[SORT_HUMAN] Functions as a sorting receptor in the Golgi compartment and as a clearance receptor on the cell surface. Required for protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the lysosomes by a pathway that is independent of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). Also required for protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endosomes. Promotes neuronal apoptosis by mediating endocytosis of the proapoptotic precursor forms of BDNF (proBDNF) and NGFB (proNGFB). Also acts as a receptor for neurotensin. May promote mineralization of the extracellular matrix during osteogenic differentiation by scavenging extracellular LPL. Probably required in adipocytes for the formation of specialized storage vesicles containing the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 (GLUT4 storage vesicles, or GSVs). These vesicles provide a stable pool of SLC2A4 and confer increased responsiveness to insulin. May also mediate transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [NEUT_HUMAN] Neurotensin may play an endocrine or paracrine role in the regulation of fat metabolism. It causes contraction of smooth muscle.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Sortilin is a multifunctional receptor involved in sorting and apoptosis. We have previously reported a 2.0-A structure of the Vps10 ectodomain in complex with one of its ligands, the tridecapeptide neurotensin. Here we set out to further characterize the structural properties of sortilin and its interaction with neurotensin. To this end, we have determined a new 2.7 A structure using a crystal grown with a 10-fold increased concentration of neurotensin. Here a second peptide fragment was observed within the Vps10 beta-propeller, which may in principle either represent a second molecule of neurotensin or the N-terminal part of the molecule bound at the previously identified binding site. However, in vitro binding experiments strongly favor the latter hypothesis. Neurotensin thus appears to bind with a 1:1 stoichiometry, and whereas the N-terminus does not bind on its own, it enhances the affinity in context of full-length neurotensin. We conclude that the N-terminus of neurotensin probably functions as an affinity enhancer for binding to sortilin by engaging the second binding site. Crystal packing differs partly from the previous structure, which may be due to variations in the degree and pattern of glycosylations. Consequently, a notable hydrophobic loop, not modeled previously, could now be traced. A computational analysis suggests that this and a neighboring loop may insert into the membrane and thus restrain movement of the Vps10 domain. We have, furthermore, mapped all N-linked glycosylations of CHO-expressed human sortilin by mass spectrometry and find that their locations are compatible with membrane insertion of the hydrophobic loops.
Revisiting the structure of the Vps10 domain of human sortilin and its interaction with neurotensin.,Quistgaard EM, Groftehauge MK, Madsen P, Pallesen LT, Christensen B, Sorensen ES, Nissen P, Petersen CM, Thirup SS Protein Sci. 2014 Jul 1. doi: 10.1002/pro.2512. PMID:24985322[11]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Nielsen MS, Jacobsen C, Olivecrona G, Gliemann J, Petersen CM. Sortilin/neurotensin receptor-3 binds and mediates degradation of lipoprotein lipase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 26;274(13):8832-6. PMID:10085125
- ↑ Nielsen MS, Madsen P, Christensen EI, Nykjaer A, Gliemann J, Kasper D, Pohlmann R, Petersen CM. The sortilin cytoplasmic tail conveys Golgi-endosome transport and binds the VHS domain of the GGA2 sorting protein. EMBO J. 2001 May 1;20(9):2180-90. PMID:11331584 doi:10.1093/emboj/20.9.2180
- ↑ Takatsu H, Katoh Y, Shiba Y, Nakayama K. Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) proteins interact with acidic dileucine sequences within the cytoplasmic domains of sorting receptors through their Vps27p/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 27;276(30):28541-5. Epub 2001 Jun 4. PMID:11390366 doi:10.1074/jbc.C100218200
- ↑ Maeda S, Nobukuni T, Shimo-Onoda K, Hayashi K, Yone K, Komiya S, Inoue I. Sortilin is upregulated during osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and promotes extracellular matrix mineralization. J Cell Physiol. 2002 Oct;193(1):73-9. PMID:12209882 doi:10.1002/jcp.10151
- ↑ Lefrancois S, Zeng J, Hassan AJ, Canuel M, Morales CR. The lysosomal trafficking of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) is mediated by sortilin. EMBO J. 2003 Dec 15;22(24):6430-7. PMID:14657016 doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg629
- ↑ Martin S, Vincent JP, Mazella J. Involvement of the neurotensin receptor-3 in the neurotensin-induced migration of human microglia. J Neurosci. 2003 Feb 15;23(4):1198-205. PMID:12598608
- ↑ Morinville A, Martin S, Lavallee M, Vincent JP, Beaudet A, Mazella J. Internalization and trafficking of neurotensin via NTS3 receptors in HT29 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;36(11):2153-68. PMID:15313463 doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.04.013
- ↑ Nykjaer A, Lee R, Teng KK, Jansen P, Madsen P, Nielsen MS, Jacobsen C, Kliemannel M, Schwarz E, Willnow TE, Hempstead BL, Petersen CM. Sortilin is essential for proNGF-induced neuronal cell death. Nature. 2004 Feb 26;427(6977):843-8. PMID:14985763 doi:10.1038/nature02319
- ↑ Teng HK, Teng KK, Lee R, Wright S, Tevar S, Almeida RD, Kermani P, Torkin R, Chen ZY, Lee FS, Kraemer RT, Nykjaer A, Hempstead BL. ProBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis via activation of a receptor complex of p75NTR and sortilin. J Neurosci. 2005 Jun 1;25(22):5455-63. PMID:15930396 doi:25/22/5455
- ↑ Chen ZY, Ieraci A, Teng H, Dall H, Meng CX, Herrera DG, Nykjaer A, Hempstead BL, Lee FS. Sortilin controls intracellular sorting of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the regulated secretory pathway. J Neurosci. 2005 Jun 29;25(26):6156-66. PMID:15987945 doi:25/26/6156
- ↑ Quistgaard EM, Groftehauge MK, Madsen P, Pallesen LT, Christensen B, Sorensen ES, Nissen P, Petersen CM, Thirup SS. Revisiting the structure of the Vps10 domain of human sortilin and its interaction with neurotensin. Protein Sci. 2014 Jul 1. doi: 10.1002/pro.2512. PMID:24985322 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.2512
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