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Johnson's Monday Lab Sandbox for Insulin Receptor

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===How Insulin Binds===
===How Insulin Binds===
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect hydrophic interactions]
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The insulin receptor unit has four separate sites for the insulin molecule to bind to. There are two pairs of two identical binding sites referred to as 1 and 1' and then 2 and 2'. The insulin molecules bind to these sites mostly through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect hydrophobic interactions]. Despite a majority of the interactions being similar, sites 1 and 1' have a higher binding affinity than sites 2 and 2' due to site one having a larger surface area (706 square angstroms) exposed for insulin to bind to compared to site 2 (394 square angstroms)<ref>Uchikawa</ref>
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It was found that at least three insulin molecules would have to bound to the receptor for the receptor to take on its active “T-state” conformation <ref>Uchikawa</ref>. The difference between have the fully bound state with four insulins and the three insulin bound state is minimal compared to the difference between two and three insulins bound <ref>Uchikawa</ref>.
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect hydrophobic interactions]
[http://</StructureSection>]
[http://</StructureSection>]

Revision as of 23:01, 21 March 2020

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Insulin Receptor with Four Insulin Bound - 6sof

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References

[6] [7] [8]


  1. ↑ Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024
  2. ↑ Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644
  3. ↑ Uchikawa
  4. ↑ Uchikawa
  5. ↑ Uchikawa
  6. ↑ Uchikawa E, Choi E, Shang G, Yu H, Bai XC. Activation mechanism of the insulin receptor revealed by cryo-EM structure of the fully liganded receptor-ligand complex. Elife. 2019 Aug 22;8. pii: 48630. doi: 10.7554/eLife.48630. PMID:31436533 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.48630
  7. ↑ Boucher J, Kleinridders A, Kahn CR. Insulin receptor signaling in normal and insulin-resistant states. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Jan 1;6(1). pii: 6/1/a009191. doi:, 10.1101/cshperspect.a009191. PMID:24384568 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a009191
  8. ↑ De Meyts P. The structural basis of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor binding and negative co-operativity, and its relevance to mitogenic versus metabolic signalling. Diabetologia. 1994 Sep;37 Suppl 2:S135-48. doi: 10.1007/bf00400837. PMID:7821729 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00400837

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