User:Letícia Oliveira Rojas Cruz/Sandbox 1
From Proteopedia
(Difference between revisions)
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
Another function of ACE2 is related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, ACE2 serves as the entry receptor for the virus. | Another function of ACE2 is related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, ACE2 serves as the entry receptor for the virus. | ||
- | == | + | == General structure information == |
The ACE2 protein gene has 40 kb and 18 exons. Its protein has 805 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. Here, we have a view of the <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_completa/3'>full ACE2 protein</scene>, going from the '''{{Font color|blue|N-terminal}}''' to '''{{Font color|red|C-terminal}}''' region. Some other ways to represent the ACE2 protein include showing its <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_alpha_e_beta/1'>secondary structure elements</scene>, such as '''{{Font color|deeppink|alpha helices}}''' and '''{{Font color|gold|beta sheets}}''', and mapping the '''polarity''' of its residues, differentiating <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_completa_hydroph/1'>hydrophobic</scene> and <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_completa_polar/1'>polar</scene> areas across its surface. | The ACE2 protein gene has 40 kb and 18 exons. Its protein has 805 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. Here, we have a view of the <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_completa/3'>full ACE2 protein</scene>, going from the '''{{Font color|blue|N-terminal}}''' to '''{{Font color|red|C-terminal}}''' region. Some other ways to represent the ACE2 protein include showing its <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_alpha_e_beta/1'>secondary structure elements</scene>, such as '''{{Font color|deeppink|alpha helices}}''' and '''{{Font color|gold|beta sheets}}''', and mapping the '''polarity''' of its residues, differentiating <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_completa_hydroph/1'>hydrophobic</scene> and <scene name='10/1083732/Ace2_completa_polar/1'>polar</scene> areas across its surface. | ||
Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
The final domain is the Intracellular C-terminal Tail but its function remains uncertain. | The final domain is the Intracellular C-terminal Tail but its function remains uncertain. | ||
+ | == Physiological Function == | ||
+ | ACE2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has an extracellular catalytic domain. It is classified as a hydrolase, more specifically a carboxypeptidase-type peptidase, responsible for the cleavage of peptide bonds at the C-terminal site. | ||
+ | The ACE2 acts to cleave a single C-terminal residue of some substrates. One of those substrates is Angiotensin II (Ang II), which is degrated into Angiotensin-(1-7); to a lesser extent, Angiotensin I (Ang I) is also a substrate, turning in into Angiotensin-(1-9). | ||
+ | The Renin-Angiotensin System - "RAS" -, in which ACE2 acts, is an important signaling pathway responsible for vascular homeostasis. | ||
+ | In general, Ang II, generated by the action of ACE on Ang I, and this one by the action of Renin on Angiotensinogen, acts on AT1 and AT2 receptors. Its main action is vasoconstriction (by AT1 receptor), increasing blood pressure. On the other hand, Angiotensin (1-7), generated from Ang II by ACE2, has the opposite function, leading to a decline in blood pressure through vasodilation and release of Nitric Oxide (NO) through its action on the MAS oncogene receptor, antagonizing the actions of Ang II. | ||
- | == | + | == Pathological Relevance == |
+ | The ACE2 protein became better known and widely publicized in 2020 due to its role in the infection by '''SARS-CoV-2''', the virus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. | ||
+ | In this disease, ACE2 acts as a viral receptor, to which the Spike (S) viral protein binds, promoting the entry of the virus into the host cell. The specific region of the S protein responsible for binding to the ACE2 receptor is called '''receptor-binding domain (RBD)''', and is located in the S1 subunit of the Spike protein. | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == |
Revision as of 18:42, 22 June 2025
Introduction
|