Glucagon

From Proteopedia

proteopedia linkproteopedia link

spinqualitylabelsall models Structure of human glucagon (PDB entry 1bh0) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image Function Glucagon (GLC) is a 29-residue peptide hormone that raises blood glucose levels. GLC causes , signalling the liver to convert glycogen to glucose. The effect of glucagon is opposite to that of insulin[1]. Cells sense the presence of glucagon when it binds the glucagon receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor. In solution, glucagon adopts various conformations but is mostly helical when bound to the receptor [2]. For more details and a quiz see User:Mary Ball/Glucagon. Relevance Glucagon is injected in cases of severe glycemia[3]. Overdose of β blockers is treated with GLCas well as cases of Epinephrin-resistant low blood pressure. Pancreatic tumors may cause high levels of GLC.

3D Structures of glucagon

Updated on 13-July-2019

1gcn - hGLC - human
1bh0 - hGLC (mutant)
1kx6, 2m5p, 2m5q, 6nzn – hGLC - NMR
1nau – hGLC (mutant) – NMR
5yqz - GLC (analog) bound to receptor
2g49, 6eds – hGLC preprotein residues 53-81+ insulin-degrading enzyme

References

1. ↑ Ramnanan CJ, Edgerton DS, Kraft G, Cherrington AD. Physiologic action of glucagon on liver glucose metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Oct;13 Suppl 1:118-25. doi:, 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x. PMID:21824265 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x
2. ↑ Zhang H, Qiao A, Yang L, Van Eps N, Frederiksen KS, Yang D, Dai A, Cai X, Zhang H, Yi C, Cao C, He L, Yang H, Lau J, Ernst OP, Hanson MA, Stevens RC, Wang MW, Reedtz-Runge S, Jiang H, Zhao Q, Wu B. Structure of the glucagon receptor in complex with a glucagon analogue. Nature. 2018 Jan 3;553(7686):106-110. doi: 10.1038/nature25153. PMID:29300013 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature25153
3. ↑ Heptulla RA, Rodriguez LM, Bomgaars L, Haymond MW. The role of amylin and glucagon in the dampening of glycemic excursions in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005 Apr;54(4):1100-7. PMID:15793249