Elongation factor

Elongation factors (EF) facilitate translational elongation during the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.

• EF-selB is selenocysteine-specific EF.
  
• EF-Tu or EF 1-α (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic EF. EF-Tu contributes to translational accuracy. It catalyzes the addition of aminoacyl tRNA.
  
• EF-Ts or EF 1-β (elongation factor thermo stable) catalyzes the release of GDP from EF-Tu.
  
• EF-G translocates the peptidyl tRNA from the A site to the P site while moving the mRNA through the ribosome.
  
• EF-SII helps RNA polymerase II to bypass blocks to elongation.
  
• EF-ELL2 enhances polyadenylation and exon skipping with the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy-chain complex.
  
• EF-GreA or GreB are cleavage factors allowing the resumption of elongation.
  
• EF-NusA recruits translesion DNA polymerases to gaps encountered during translation.
  
• EF-P alters the ribosome affinity to aminoacyl-tRNA.
  
• EF-1 γ acts during the delivery of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome.
  
• EF-2 promotes the translocation of the nascent protein chain from the A site to the P site on the ribosome.
  
• EF-3 is a unique EF in fungi hence it provides an anti-fungal drug target.
  
• EF Spt4, Spt5, Spt6 are conserved among eukaryotes. They modulate the chromatin structure.
  
• EF-CA150 is believed to play a role in coupling transcription and splicing.
  
• Elongin B and C complex is involved in the proteasomal degredation of target proteins.
  

For EF-3 see HEAT Repeat
For EF-SelB see SelB.

3D structures of elongation factor

Updated on 29-March-2015 {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|

• EF-Tu

• • 1efm, 1efc, 1dg1, 2fx3, 1etu – EcEF – Escherichia coli
    
  • 1qzd – EcEF – Cryo EM
    
  • 3u2q – EcEF + drug
    
  • 1mj1 – EcEF + Phe-tRNA + S12 + S13 + L11 – Cryo EM
    
  • 3ep2 - EcEF + tRNA + S12 + L11 + 16SRRNA + 23SRRNA – Cryo EM
    
  • 1ttt, 1ob5 – TaEF + Phe-tRNA + GDPNP - Thermus aquaticus
    
  • 1b23 - TaEF + Cys-tRNA
    
  • 1ls2 – yEF + Phe-tRNA – yeast – Cryo EM
    
  • 3agj – ApEF + plethora protein – Aeropyrum pernix
    
  • 4h9g, 4lbv, 4lbw, 4lby, 4lbz, 4lc0 – TtEF – Thermus thermophilus
    
  • 4j0q – EF – Pseudomonas putida
    

• EF-Tu complex with antibiotics

• • 1ob2 - yEF + Phe-tRNA + antibiotic
    
  • 4abr - TtEF + antibiotic in 30S ribosome
    
  • 1ha3 - TtEF + antibiotic + GDP
    
  • 2c77, 2c78 - TtEF + antibiotic + GTP analog
    
  • 3fic, 3fic – TtEF + antibiotic in 70S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 2bvn - EcEF + GDP
    NP + antibiotic
    
  • 1d8t, 2hcj, 2hdn, 3u6b, 3u6k, 4g5g – EcEF + antibiotic

• EF-Tu complex with nucleotide

• • 1efu – EcEF + GDP
    
  • 1exm – TtEF + GTP analog
    
  • 1eft – TaEF + GNP – Thermus aquaticus
    
  • 1tui – TaEF + GDP
    
  • 1d2e – bEF + GDP – bovine
    
  • 1jny, 1skq – SsEF + GDP – Sulfolobus solfataricus
    
  • 3wya – PhEF + GDP - Pyrococcus horikoshii
    

• EF-Tu complex with protein

• • 3vmf – ApEF + translation termination factor
    
  • 3wxm – ApEF + protein pelota homolog
    
  • 3wy9 – PhEF + L12
    
  • 4p3y – EcEF + thiol:disulfide interchange protein
    

• EF-Tu with EF-Ts

• • 1efu, 3agp, 3agq – EcEF + EcEF-Ts
    
  • 3avt, 3avu , 3avv, 3avw, 3avx, 3avy, 3vnu , 3vnv, 4fwt – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + RNA
    
  • 3mmp – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + RNA replicase beta chain
    
  • 4q7j – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + Q beta replicase + S1
    
  • 1aip - TtEF + TtEF-Ts - Thermus thermophilus
    
  • 1xb2 – bEF + EF-Ts - bovine
    
  • 1f60 – yEF + EF-Ts C terminal
    
  • 1g7c - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal + GDPNP
    
  • 1ije, 1ijf - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal + GDP
    
  • 2b7b - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal (mutant) + GDP
    
  • 2b7c - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal (mutant)

• EF-Tu in the ribosome

• • 3eq3, 3eq4 – EcEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 3izv, 3izw, 3fih - EcEF in 30S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 1zc8, 3dwu – TtEF in 70S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 2wrn, 2wrq, 2xqd, 2y0u, 2y0w, 2y0y, 2y10, 2y12, 2y14, 2y16, 2y18 - TtEF in 70S ribosome

• EF-SII

• • 1tfi – hEF – human – NMR
    
  • 3ndq - hEF domain II
    
  • 1enw – yEF domain II – NMR
    
  • 1eo0 - yEF domain I – NMR
    
  • 2xex – SaEF – Staphylococcus aureus
    
  • 1pqv, 1y1v – yEF + RNA polymerase II
    
  • 1y1y, 3gtm – yEF + RNA polymerase II + RNA
    
  • 1wjt – mEF N terminal – mouse – NMR
    
  • 2m1h – EF PWWP domain – Trypanosoma brucei – NMR
    

• EF-ELL2

• • 2e5n – hEF N2 domain - NMR
    

• EF-G

• • 1efg, 1elo, 1ktv, 1wdt, 2dy1 – TtEF
    
  • 4m1k, 4myt, 4myu – TtEF (mutant)
    
  • 1pn6, 3izp – TtEF – Cryo EM
    
  • 4b8f, 4b8h – TtEF in 70S ribosome
    
  • 4juw, 4kbt, 4kbv, 4kcy, 4kd0, 4kd8, 4kda, 4kdg, 4kdj, 4btc – TtEF in 30S ribosome
    
  • 4kiy, 4kj0, 4kj2, 4kj4, 4kj6, 4kj8, 4kja, 4kjc – EcEF in 30S ribosome
    
  • 3j5n – EcEF in 30S ribosome – Cryo-EM
    
  • 3j5x – EcEF in 30S ribosome + antibiotics – Cryo-EM
    
  • 1fnm, 2bm0, 2bm1 – TtEF (mutant)
    
  • 2bcw – TtEF + L11 + L7/L12
    
  • 2xex – SaEF
    
  • 3zz0, 3zzt, 3zzu – SaEF (mutant)
    
  • 2bv3 - TtEF (mutant) + GTP analog
    
  • 2j7k - TtEF (mutant) + GDP analog
    
  • 2om7, 2wri, 2wrk – TtEF in 70S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 2xsy, 2xuy - TtEF in 70S ribosome
    
  • 1dar, 2efg – TtEF + GDP
    
  • 1jqm, 1jqs – EcEF + L11 – Cryo EM
    
  • 1zn0, 2rdo, 3j0e, 3j18 – EcEF in 30S ribosome – Cryo-EM
    
  • 4fn5 – PaEF - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    

• EF-GreA/GreB

• • 2pn0 – EF – Nitrosomonas europaea
    
  • 2p4v – EcEF-GreB
    
  • 1grj – EcEF-GreA
    

• EF-NusA

• • 1wcl, 1wcn – EcEF C terminal – NMR
    
  • 2kwp - EcEF N terminal – NMR
    
  • 2jzb – EcEF + RNA polymerase subunit α - NMR
    

• EF-P

• • 1ueb – TtEF
    
  • 3huw, 3huy – TtEF in 70S ribosome
    
  • 3oyy – PaEF
    
  • 3tre – EF – Coxiella burnetii
    
  • 3a5z – EcEF + lysyl-tRNA synthetase
    
  • 1yby – EF – Clostridium thermocellum
    

• EF-Ts

• • 1tfe – TtEF
    
  • 1b64 – hEF guanine exchange factor domain – NMR
    
  • 2cp9 – UBA domain – NMR
    
  • 1gh8 – EF – Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum – NMR
    
  • 2yy3 – PhEF
    
  • 2uz8 – hEF (mutant)

• EF-1 α-2

• • 4c0s – rEF – rabbit
    

• EF-1 δ-1

• • 2mvm, 2mvn – hEF CAR domain – NMR
    

• EF-1G

• • 1nhy – yEF N terminal
  • 1pbu – hEF C terminal (mutant) - NMR
    

• EF-2

• • 1n0v – yEF
    
  • 1u2r – yEF + GDP
    
  • 1n0u, 2e1r, 2npf – yEF + antifungal drug
    
  • 1zm2, 1zm3, 1zm4, 1zm9, 3b78, 3b82, 3b8h, 2zit – yEF + exotoxin
    
  • 1s1h - hEF in 40S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 4cxg, 4cxh - rEF in 40S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 2p8w, 2p8x, 3dny - yEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM
    
  • 2p8y, 2p8z - yEF+ antifungal drug in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM
    

• EF-3

• • 2ix3 – yEF
    
  • 2iwh – yEF + ADPNP
    
  • 2iw3 – yEF + ADP
    
  • 2ix8 – yEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM
    

• EF-4 (lepA)

• • 2ywh, 2ywe, 2ywf, 2ywg - AalepA + nucleotide - Aquifex aeolicus
    
  • 3cb4 - EclepA
    
  • 3deg - EclepA in 70S ribosome + GMPPNP – Cryo EM
    

• EF-SelB

• • 1lva – MtEF C terminal – Moorella thermoacetica
    
  • 2v9v – MtEF winged helix domain
    
  • 1wsu, 2uwm – MtEF + RNA
    
  • 2ply – MtEF (mutant) + RNA
    
  • 1wb2, 4aca – MmEF – Methanococcus maripaludis
    
  • 1wb3, 4acb – MmEF + GTP analog
    
  • 4ac9, 1wb1 – MmEF + GDP
    
  • 2pjp – EcEF + RNA

• EF-Spt5

• • 2do3, 2e6z, 2e70 – hEF KOW motif – NMR
    
  • 2exu – yEF
    
  • 3h7h – hEF + hEF-Spt4

• EF-Spt6

• • 3gxw, 3gxx, 3pjp – EF SH2 domain – Candida glabrata
    
  • 3psf, 3psi – yEF core domain
    
  • 3psj, 3psk – yEF SH2 domain
    
  • 2l3t - yEF SH2 domain]] - NMR
    
  • 3oak – yEF + transcription factor IWS1

• EF-CA150

• • 2dod, 2doe, 2dof, 2e71, 2kiq, 2kis – hEF FF domain – NMR
    
  • 3hfh – hEF FF domain
    
  • 2ysi– mEF WW domain - NMR
    

• Elongin BC complex

• • 1lqb, 1lm8 – hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + hypoxia inducible factor 1 α
    
  • 3zrc, 3ztc, 3ztd, 3zun - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + inhibitor
    
  • 3zrf - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor
    
  • 2c9w, 2izv, [[2jz3 – hEloBC + suppressor of cytokine signaling
    
  • 3dcg – hEloBC + virion infectivity factor
    
  • 2xai - hEloBC + ankyrin rep
    
  • 1vcb – hEloBC + VHL
    
  • 2fnj - mEloBC + GUSTAVUS

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