User talk:Anders Lewisesquerre
From Proteopedia
Contents |
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Introduction
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a 13kDa signaling protein belonging to the neurotrophin family of growth factors. This family of growth factors are critical in the development, differentiation, and survival of neurons. Mammalian members of the neurotrophin family of growth factors include Nerve growth factor (NGF) [structure link], neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) [structure link], and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5)[structure link]. BDNF is primarily expressed in the brain, where it is found in the hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, and striatum, and less so in the hypothalamus. BDNF is also expressed in peripheral tissues, such as the kidneys, retina, prostate, motor neurons, skeletal muscle.
Function
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons in the central, and peripheral nervous systems. It plays a role in neural plasticity, neurogenesis, energy metabolism, inflammation and immunity, neurotransmitter regulation, and potential roles in the cardiovascular system. The role of BDNF in neural plasticity is shown in its ability to regulate NDMA receptor signaling by increasing calcium influx and more BDNF release, which by retrograde signaling, enhances pre-synaptic vesicle cycling, thereby regulating long-term potentiation (LTP), and plasticity.
Mechanism
Structure
Disease
Implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases due to its apparent neuroprotective effects, ability to promote neurogenesis, and improve synaptic plasticity. Diseases include parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and possibly schizophrenia. BDNF is also associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus by its regulation of energy metabolism, specifically increasing the amount of insulin secreting granules in pancreatic 𝛃 cells through TrkB signal pathways.
Evolution
Additional resources
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