MAPK/ERK pathway

Under development!!!

MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

• Cell surface receptors that can activate this pathway via GRB2:

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR; see also Epidermal growth factor). EGFR belongs to Receptor tyrosine kinases, class I.

Trk A/B: High affinity nerve growth factor receptor (TrkA). TrkB tyrosine kinase receptor. See also Neurotrophin.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

Platelet-derived growth factors and receptors

• Growth factor receptor-bound proteins (GRB) are adaptor proteins. GRBs contain SH2, Ras-associated (RA) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. For additional details on GRB10 see Grb10 SH2 Domain.

• Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor.

• Ras subfamily: GTPase KRas and Allosteric modulation of H-Ras GTPase.

• RAF kinase:
• B-Raf is related to retroviral oncogenes and participates in cellular signal transduction. B-Raf domains include the kinase domain - residues 444-721 and Ras-binding domain - residues 153-237. Mutated B-Raf was found in some human cancers^[1]. See more in B-RAF with PLX4032.

• c-Raf is part of the MAPK pathway. c-Raf domains include the kinase domain - residues 323-618, cysteine-rich domain – residues 136-187 and Ras-binding domain - residues 51-132. Mutations of c-Raf are possible causes of Noonan syndrome^[2]. For details on c-Raf see Molecular Playground/C-Raf.