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Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a bioluminescent polypeptide consisting of 238 residues isolated from the body of Aequorea victoria jellyfish.^[1] GFP converts the blue chemiluminescent of aequorin in the jellyfish into green fluorescent light.^[2] It remains unclear why these jellyfish use fluorescence, why green is better than blue, or why they produce a separate protein for green fluorescence as opposed to simply mutating the present aequorin to shift its wavelength,^[3] but in the laboratory, GFP can be incorporated into a variety of biological systems in order to function as a marker protein. Since its discovery in 1962, GFP has become a significant contributor to the research of monitoring gene expression, localization, mobility, traffic, interactions between various membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, as well as many others. (more...)

How to display cavities, pockets, and tunnels.

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1. ↑ [1], Protein Database (PDBsum): 1ema. European Bioinformatics (EBI); 2009.
2. ↑ [2], Yang F, Moss LG, Phillips GN Jr. 1996. The molecular structure of green fluorescent protein. Biotechnology. 14: 1246-1251. DOI 10.1038/nbt1096-1246.
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tsien
4. ↑ Castro C, Johnson RJ, Kieffer B, Means JA, Taylor A, Telford J, Thompson LK, Sussman JL, Prilusky J, Theis K. A practical guide to teaching with Proteopedia. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2021 Jun 3. doi: 10.1002/bmb.21548. PMID:34080750 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.21548